INTRODUCTION: Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the adaptability of cognitive processes and is a useful mechanism for explaining the variability in the susceptibility of cognitive abilities or daily functions to brain aging, disease, or brain injury. CR explains the discrepancy between the level of brain pathology and an individual's cognitive performance, which can be attributed to life experiences and involvement in recreational, intellectual, and social activities. However, research into this relationship has not yet considered variables such as social vulnerability and the subjective perception of one's relational functioning, specifically within the family. This research introduces the factors of social vulnerability and the quality of family relationships in characterizing the relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive functioning. METHOD: The study involved 61 healthy adults, aged between 19 and 63 (MD: 40.11; SD: 14.71), with no history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) or psychiatric or neurological disorders. Participants were assessed using several instruments: the GEMS for cognitive functioning, the CRIq for cognitive reserve, the SCORE-15 for perception of family functioning, and the SVI-I for social vulnerability. Statistical and descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software (version 28). RESULTS: Data analysis confirmed the positive relationship between GEMS and CRIq, with a significant association between educational level and cognitive functioning (r= 0.26). Furthermore, the role of education and age in cognitive reserve emerged, confirming the results proposed by other studies (r= 0.47; r= 0.81 respectively). Finally, cognitive reserve was found to be correlated with both social vulnerability (r= 0.42) and family functioning (r= 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of considering cognitive reserve, family functioning, and social vulnerability as interacting elements. The results obtained lay the foundations for future research on clinical populations, where these dimensions could be examined not only as potential risk factors but also as protective resources. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of an integrated approach in psychological and social interventions. This approach aims to promote cognitive well-being throughout the entire lifespan.
INTRODUZIONE: La riserva cognitiva (RC) si riferisce alla adattabilità dei processi cognitivi e si configura come un meccanismo utile a spiegare la variabilità della suscettibilità delle capacità cognitive o delle funzioni quotidiane ai fenomeni di invecchiamento cerebrale, alle patologie o alle lesioni cerebrali. La RC spiega la discrepanza tra il livello di patologia cerebrale e la performance cognitiva di un individuo, attribuibile alle esperienze di vita e il coinvolgimento in attività ricreative, intellettuali e sociali. Tuttavia, l’indagine di questa relazione non contempla ad oggi variabili quali la vulnerabilità sociale e la percezione soggettiva del proprio funzionamento relazionale, nello specifico familiare. La presente ricerca introduce i fattori della vulnerabilità sociale e la qualità delle relazioni familiari nella caratterizzazione della relazione tra riserva cognitiva e funzionamento cognitivo. METODO: Lo studio ha coinvolto 61 adulti sani, con un’età compresa tra i 19 e 63 anni (MD: 40,11; DS: 14,71), senza storia di disturbo di uso di alcol (DUA), né di patologie psichiatriche o neurologiche. I partecipanti sono stati valutati attraverso diversi strumenti: il GEMS per il funzionamento cognitivo, il CRIq per la riserva cognitiva, lo SCORE-15 per la percezione del funzionamento familiare e lo SVI-I per la vulnerabilità sociale. Le analisi statistiche e descrittive sono state condotte utilizzando il software statistico SPSS (versione 28). RISULTATI: L'analisi dei dati ha confermato la relazione positiva tra il GEMS e CRIq, con un’associazione significativa tra livello di istruzione e funzionamento cognitivo (r= 0.26). Inoltre, è emerso il ruolo dell’istruzione e dell’età nella riserva cognitiva confermando i risultati proposti de altri studi(r= 0.47; r= 0.81 rispettivamente). Infine, la riserva cognitiva è risultata correlata sia con la vulnerabilità sociale (r= 0,42) sia con il funzionamento familiare (r= 0.26). CONCLUSIONI: Questo studio sottolinea quanto sia importante considerare la riserva cognitiva, il funzionamento familiare e la vulnerabilità sociale come elementi in interazione. I risultati ottenuti pongono le basi per future ricerche su popolazioni cliniche, dove tali dimensioni potrebbero essere esaminate non solo come potenziali fattori di rischio, ma anche come risorse protettive. Inoltre, evidenziano l’importanza di un approccio integrato negli interventi psicologici e sociali. Questo approccio è volto a promuovere il benessere cognitivo lungo l’intero arco di vita.
Riserva cognitiva, funzionamento familiare e vulnerabilità sociale: che impatto sul funzionamento cognitivo in adulti sani?
MUNOZ SALAS, DIANA SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive reserve (CR) refers to the adaptability of cognitive processes and is a useful mechanism for explaining the variability in the susceptibility of cognitive abilities or daily functions to brain aging, disease, or brain injury. CR explains the discrepancy between the level of brain pathology and an individual's cognitive performance, which can be attributed to life experiences and involvement in recreational, intellectual, and social activities. However, research into this relationship has not yet considered variables such as social vulnerability and the subjective perception of one's relational functioning, specifically within the family. This research introduces the factors of social vulnerability and the quality of family relationships in characterizing the relationship between cognitive reserve and cognitive functioning. METHOD: The study involved 61 healthy adults, aged between 19 and 63 (MD: 40.11; SD: 14.71), with no history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) or psychiatric or neurological disorders. Participants were assessed using several instruments: the GEMS for cognitive functioning, the CRIq for cognitive reserve, the SCORE-15 for perception of family functioning, and the SVI-I for social vulnerability. Statistical and descriptive analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software (version 28). RESULTS: Data analysis confirmed the positive relationship between GEMS and CRIq, with a significant association between educational level and cognitive functioning (r= 0.26). Furthermore, the role of education and age in cognitive reserve emerged, confirming the results proposed by other studies (r= 0.47; r= 0.81 respectively). Finally, cognitive reserve was found to be correlated with both social vulnerability (r= 0.42) and family functioning (r= 0.26). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the importance of considering cognitive reserve, family functioning, and social vulnerability as interacting elements. The results obtained lay the foundations for future research on clinical populations, where these dimensions could be examined not only as potential risk factors but also as protective resources. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of an integrated approach in psychological and social interventions. This approach aims to promote cognitive well-being throughout the entire lifespan.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100253