Understanding how children acquire the word order of their native language is a fundamental step in investigating early grammar development and the mechanisms underlying language learning. Previous studies have shown that as early as 7–8 months of age, infants have a rudimentary but abstract representation of the relative order of function words and content words, and that they use surface cues such as lexical frequency and prosody to infer the syntactic structure of the language (Gervain et al., 2008; Werker & Hensch, 2015; de la Cruz-Pavía et al., 2021). Although the literature has extensively documented the existence of sensitive periods in language development, no study has yet specifically investigated the possibility of a critical period in word order acquisition. The present study explores this hypothesis by analyzing the sensitivity of Italian infants, aged between 4 and 13 months, to the relative order of function words and content words. This study examined whether short-term exposure to a typologically different system (Turkish), in which the object complement is placed at the end of the sentence, modulates the sensitivity of children learning Italian to word order patterns and whether this sensitivity varies with age. Forty-nine monolingual Italian children (aged 4-13 months) were tested using the Head-Turn Preference procedure in two paradigms: an artificial grammar task that manipulated the position of frequent syllables relative to infrequent ones, and a Turkish postposition task that used natural prepositional and positional phrases. The children were exposed to Turkish input for two weeks between the pre-test and post-test sessions. Observation time data were analyzed using descriptive summaries and ANCOVA with age as a covariate. In both paradigms, children showed no reliable preference for structures with initial or final function words, nor any evidence of a Turkish-like shift after exposure. Age, however, consistently predicted overall observation times, with older children orienting less overall. These results do not support the presence of an early critical period for word order learning; rather, they indicate gradual, attention-dependent changes and highlight methodological challenges in detecting subtle effects of word order learning in early childhood.
Comprendere come i bambini acquisiscano l’ordine delle parole della propria lingua madre rappresenta un passaggio fondamentale per indagare lo sviluppo precoce della grammatica e i meccanismi alla base dell’apprendimento linguistico. Studi precedenti hanno mostrato che già intorno ai 7–8 mesi di vita gli infanti possiedono una rappresentazione rudimentale, ma astratta, dell’ordine relativo tra parole funzionali e parole di contenuto, e che utilizzano indizi superficiali come la frequenza lessicale e la prosodia per inferire la struttura sintattica della lingua (Gervain et al., 2008; Werker & Hensch, 2015; de la Cruz-Pavía et al., 2021). Nonostante la letteratura abbia ampiamente documentato l’esistenza di periodi sensibili nello sviluppo linguistico, nessuno studio ha finora indagato in modo specifico la possibilità di un periodo critico nell’acquisizione dell’ordine delle parole. Il presente lavoro esplora questa ipotesi analizzando la sensibilità di infanti italiani, di età compresa tra 4 e 13 mesi, all’ordine relativo tra parole funzionali e di contenuto. Questo studio ha esaminato se l'esposizione a breve termine a un sistema tipologicamente diverso (il turco), in cui il complemento oggetto è posto alla fine della frase, modula la sensibilità dei bambini che imparano l'italiano ai modelli di ordine delle parole e se tale sensibilità varia con l'età. Quarantanove bambini monolingui italiani (4-13 mesi) sono stati testati con la procedura Head-Turn Preference in due paradigmi: un compito di grammatica artificiale che manipolava la posizione delle sillabe frequenti rispetto a quelle non frequenti e un compito di postposizione turca che utilizzava frasi preposizionali e posizionali naturali. I bambini sono stati esposti per due settimane a input in turco tra le sessioni pre-test e post-test. I dati relativi al tempo di osservazione sono stati analizzati utilizzando sintesi descrittive e ANCOVA con l'età come covariata. In entrambi i paradigmi, i bambini non hanno mostrato alcuna preferenza affidabile per le strutture con funtore iniziale o finale, né alcuna evidenza di uno spostamento simile al turco dopo l'esposizione. L'età, invece, ha predetto in modo coerente i tempi di osservazione globali, con i bambini più grandi che si orientavano meno nel complesso. Questi risultati non supportano la presenza di un periodo critico precoce per l'apprendimento dell'ordine delle parole; piuttosto, indicano cambiamenti graduali e dipendenti dall'attenzione e sottolineano le sfide metodologiche nel rilevare effetti sottili dell'apprendimento dell'ordine delle parole nella prima infanzia.
Acquisizione dell’Ordine delle parole: Indagine sull’esistenza di un possibile periodo critico. Un approccio comportamentale
PADURARIU, ELENA
2024/2025
Abstract
Understanding how children acquire the word order of their native language is a fundamental step in investigating early grammar development and the mechanisms underlying language learning. Previous studies have shown that as early as 7–8 months of age, infants have a rudimentary but abstract representation of the relative order of function words and content words, and that they use surface cues such as lexical frequency and prosody to infer the syntactic structure of the language (Gervain et al., 2008; Werker & Hensch, 2015; de la Cruz-Pavía et al., 2021). Although the literature has extensively documented the existence of sensitive periods in language development, no study has yet specifically investigated the possibility of a critical period in word order acquisition. The present study explores this hypothesis by analyzing the sensitivity of Italian infants, aged between 4 and 13 months, to the relative order of function words and content words. This study examined whether short-term exposure to a typologically different system (Turkish), in which the object complement is placed at the end of the sentence, modulates the sensitivity of children learning Italian to word order patterns and whether this sensitivity varies with age. Forty-nine monolingual Italian children (aged 4-13 months) were tested using the Head-Turn Preference procedure in two paradigms: an artificial grammar task that manipulated the position of frequent syllables relative to infrequent ones, and a Turkish postposition task that used natural prepositional and positional phrases. The children were exposed to Turkish input for two weeks between the pre-test and post-test sessions. Observation time data were analyzed using descriptive summaries and ANCOVA with age as a covariate. In both paradigms, children showed no reliable preference for structures with initial or final function words, nor any evidence of a Turkish-like shift after exposure. Age, however, consistently predicted overall observation times, with older children orienting less overall. These results do not support the presence of an early critical period for word order learning; rather, they indicate gradual, attention-dependent changes and highlight methodological challenges in detecting subtle effects of word order learning in early childhood.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100259