Introduction: Parentification is a relational process characterized by a role reversal between parent and child. The parent renounces executive and/or emotional functions by delegating the role of caregiver to the child who is required to assume responsibilities that exceed his or her capacities. The adverse consequences of this relational process can profoundly affect individual developmental trajectories and the quality of interpersonal relationships, including the parent-child relationship. According to the literature, various contextual and relational circumstances can facilitate such role confusion: one of these vulnerable conditions involves parental substance abuse. Therefore, in light of such evidence, the present study aims to explore and deepen the relationships between past parentification, traumatic childhood experiences, aspects of psychological well-being and of the couple relationship and maternal reflexive functioning, shedding light on the transgenerational dynamics underlying these phenomena and considering the experience of a clinical sample of mothers with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and of five of their children, placed in a Mother–Child Therapeutic Community. Materials and Methods: The study involved a clinical sample of 11 mothers and 5 of their preschool-aged children. Participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing past parentification (FRS-A), childhood traumatic experiences (CTQ-SF), anxiety (GAD-7), dissociation (DES-II), adult attachment (ECR-12), and parental reflective functioning (PRFQ). The qualitative analysis included a semi-structured interview, developed to deepen the constructs and relationships that emerged from the quantitative analysis. In addition, structured observations of the mother-child attachment relationship were conducted with five dyads using the Attachment Q-Sort (AQS). Results: In the experiences reported by the participants, the different dimensions of past parentification were found to be strongly correlated. Parentification, particularly of an emotional type, was positively associated with levels of anxiety and with adult attachment insecurity. Maternal pre-mentalizing modes were positively related to experiences of past parentification, anxiety symptoms, avoidant attachment, and certain dissociative experiences. Anxiety and dissociative symptoms, which were also strongly correlated, showed positive associations particularly with avoidant attachment. The qualitative analysis confirmed the relevance of the investigated constructs in the participants’ life experiences, offering a more personal and in-depth understanding of these phenomena. Finally, the dyadic observations made it possible to identify specific elements of the mother–child attachment bond, highlighting a relationship between the interactive modalities of the mothers and those of their respective children. Conclusion: The present study highlighted several associations among the constructs under investigation, showing that, in this clinical sample of mothers with Substance Use Disorder (SUD), childhood experiences of parentification are associated with negative outcomes in individual well-being, security in romantic relationships, and maternal reflective functioning. The findings have important implications for clinical practice, emphasizing the need to develop targeted interventions to support parenting in the context of Substance Use Disorder, with the aim of promoting protective mother–child relationships that foster the child’s healthy development.
Introduzione: La parentificazione è un processo relazionale contraddistinto da un’inversione di ruolo tra genitore e figlio. Il genitore rinuncia alle funzioni esecutive e/o emotive delegando il ruolo di caregiver al figlio, il quale è chiamato ad assumersi responsabilità che eccedono le sue competenze. Le conseguenze avverse di questo processo relazionale incidono profondamente sulle traiettorie di sviluppo individuale e sulla qualità delle relazioni interpersonali, inclusa la relazione genitore-figlio. Secondo la letteratura, svariate circostanze contestuali e relazionali possono facilitare tale confusione di ruoli: una di queste condizioni di vulnerabilità riguarda l’abuso di sostanze da parte dei genitori. Pertanto, alla luce di tali evidenze, il presente studio si propone di esplorare e approfondire le relazioni tra parentificazione passata, esperienze traumatiche infantili, aspetti del benessere psicologico e della relazione di coppia e funzione riflessiva materna, facendo luce sulle dinamiche transgenerazionali sottese a tali fenomeni e considerando l’esperienza di un campione clinico di madri, con Disturbo da Uso di Sostanze (SUD), e di cinque dei loro bambini, collocati in una Comunità Terapeutica Madre-Bambino. Materiali e Metodi: Lo studio ha coinvolto un campione clinico di 11 madri e 5 dei loro figli in età prescolare. Le partecipanti hanno compilato una serie di questionari self-report relativi a esperienze di parentificazione passata (FRS-A), traumi infantili (CTQ-SF), ansia (GAD-7), dissociazione (DES-II), attaccamento romantico (ECR-12) e funzione riflessiva genitoriale (PRFQ). L’analisi qualitativa ha previsto un’intervista semi-strutturata, elaborata per approfondire i costrutti e le relazioni emerse dall’analisi quantitativa. Inoltre, con cinque diadi, sono state condotte delle osservazioni strutturate della relazione di attaccamento del bambino alla madre, mediante l’Attachment Q-sort (AQS). Risultati: Nel vissuto riportato dalle partecipanti, le diverse dimensioni della parentificazione passata risultano fortemente correlate. La parentificazione, in particolare di tipo emotivo, risulta positivamente associata ai livelli di ansia e all’insicurezza dell’attaccamento adulto. Le modalità pre-mentalizzanti materne si associano positivamente alle esperienze di parentificazione passata, ai sintomi d’ansia, all’attaccamento evitante e ad alcune esperienze dissociative. I sintomi d’ansia e di dissociazione, anch’essi fortemente correlati, mostrano associazioni positive in particolare con l’attaccamento evitante. L’analisi qualitativa ha confermato la rilevanza dei costrutti indagati nell’esperienza di vita delle partecipanti, offrendone una comprensione più personale e profonda. Infine, le osservazioni diadiche hanno consentito di rilevare alcuni elementi del legame di attaccamento madre-bambino, evidenziando una relazione tra le modalità interattive delle madri e dei rispettivi figli. Conclusione: Il presente studio ha consentito di mettere in luce diverse associazioni tra i costrutti considerati, mostrando come, in questo gruppo clinico di madri con SUD, le esperienze infantili di parentificazione si associno a esiti negativi sul benessere individuale, sulla sicurezza nelle relazioni romantiche e sulla funzione riflessiva materna. I risultati ottenuti presentano implicazioni rilevanti per la pratica clinica, sottolineando la necessità di strutturare interventi mirati al sostegno della genitorialità nel contesto del Disturbo da Uso di Sostanze, con l’obiettivo di promuovere relazioni madre–bambino protettive per lo sviluppo del minore.
Esperienze di cura in infanzia e maternità in un gruppo di mamme in Comunità Terapeutica Madre-Bambino. Uno studio esplorativo transgenerazionale sulle relazioni tra parentificazione passata, esperienze traumatiche infantili, benessere psicologico, relazione di coppia e funzione riflessiva materna
ZORDAN, ANGELICA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Parentification is a relational process characterized by a role reversal between parent and child. The parent renounces executive and/or emotional functions by delegating the role of caregiver to the child who is required to assume responsibilities that exceed his or her capacities. The adverse consequences of this relational process can profoundly affect individual developmental trajectories and the quality of interpersonal relationships, including the parent-child relationship. According to the literature, various contextual and relational circumstances can facilitate such role confusion: one of these vulnerable conditions involves parental substance abuse. Therefore, in light of such evidence, the present study aims to explore and deepen the relationships between past parentification, traumatic childhood experiences, aspects of psychological well-being and of the couple relationship and maternal reflexive functioning, shedding light on the transgenerational dynamics underlying these phenomena and considering the experience of a clinical sample of mothers with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and of five of their children, placed in a Mother–Child Therapeutic Community. Materials and Methods: The study involved a clinical sample of 11 mothers and 5 of their preschool-aged children. Participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires assessing past parentification (FRS-A), childhood traumatic experiences (CTQ-SF), anxiety (GAD-7), dissociation (DES-II), adult attachment (ECR-12), and parental reflective functioning (PRFQ). The qualitative analysis included a semi-structured interview, developed to deepen the constructs and relationships that emerged from the quantitative analysis. In addition, structured observations of the mother-child attachment relationship were conducted with five dyads using the Attachment Q-Sort (AQS). Results: In the experiences reported by the participants, the different dimensions of past parentification were found to be strongly correlated. Parentification, particularly of an emotional type, was positively associated with levels of anxiety and with adult attachment insecurity. Maternal pre-mentalizing modes were positively related to experiences of past parentification, anxiety symptoms, avoidant attachment, and certain dissociative experiences. Anxiety and dissociative symptoms, which were also strongly correlated, showed positive associations particularly with avoidant attachment. The qualitative analysis confirmed the relevance of the investigated constructs in the participants’ life experiences, offering a more personal and in-depth understanding of these phenomena. Finally, the dyadic observations made it possible to identify specific elements of the mother–child attachment bond, highlighting a relationship between the interactive modalities of the mothers and those of their respective children. Conclusion: The present study highlighted several associations among the constructs under investigation, showing that, in this clinical sample of mothers with Substance Use Disorder (SUD), childhood experiences of parentification are associated with negative outcomes in individual well-being, security in romantic relationships, and maternal reflective functioning. The findings have important implications for clinical practice, emphasizing the need to develop targeted interventions to support parenting in the context of Substance Use Disorder, with the aim of promoting protective mother–child relationships that foster the child’s healthy development.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100368