This work deals with nomadism in Central Asia (particularly in the context of present-day Kazakhstan) and aims to reflect on the transformations (including tragic ones) that have taken place in the history of this particularly complex world. The objective is to connect the past with the present, in order to understand what remains alive today of nomadic civilization and what its cultural and religious heritage is. Since the dawn of its history, Central Asia, and in particular the territory that today corresponds to Kazakhstan, has been a privileged meeting point for different peoples, cultures, and religions, nomadic and sedentary lifestyles, in a ‘frontier’ dimension. It has always been a space at the “center” of the Eurasian continent, characterized by multiple and constantly changing identities throughout different eras, a corridor between Europe and Asia, East and West, between Siberia and the Caucasus, the Iranian plateau, Anatolia, and the Black Sea coast. However, the Soviet presence represented a moment of profound upheaval: with modernity, national borders were drawn and nomads were subjected to policies of forced sedentarisation, leading to the virtual extermination of a large part of the Kazakh population. All this had a profound impact and led to a radical transformation in people's lifestyles and identities, which the country had to deal with after independence. The first part of this work will therefore explore some of the historical, cultural, and religious dimensions of nomadic civilization, with particular attention to the impact of Russian and Soviet colonization. The second part will reflect on the contemporary situation through the analysis of material collected in conversations, observations, and interviews conducted from February to May 2025 in Almaty, seeking to identify themes that appeared most significant in light of the literature.
Questo lavoro si occupa di nomadismo in Asia Centrale (in particolare nel contesto dell’attuale Kazakhstan) e vuole riflettere sulle trasformazioni (anche tragiche) avvenute nella storia di questo particolare mondo complesso. Obiettivo è quello di mettere in relazione il passato al presente, per provare comprendere cosa sia ancora vivo oggi della civiltà dei nomadi e quale sia la sua eredità cultrurale e religiosa. L’Asia Centrale, e in particolare il territorio che oggi corrisponde all’attuale Kazakhstan, ha costituito fin dai primordi della sua storia un privilegiato punto di incontro di popolazioni, culture e religioni diverse, stili di vita nomadici e sedentari, in una dimensione di «frontiera»1 E‘ sempre stato uno spazio al «centro» del continente euroasiatico caratterizzato da identità multiple e in continua trasformazione, in epoche diverse, corridoio fra Europa e Asia, Oriente e Occidente, fra Siberia e Caucaso, altopiano Iranico, Anatolia e coste del Mar Nero. La presenza sovietica ha però rappresentato un momento di profondo stravolgimento: con la modernità sono stati tracciati confini nazionali e i nomadi hanno subito politiche di sedentarizzazione forzata, fino ad arrivare ad un vero e proprio sterminio di buona parte della popolazione kazaka. Tutto questo ha avuto un profondo impatto e ha portato ad una radicale trasformazione nello stile di vita e nelle identità delle persone, con cui il paese ha dovuto fare i conti dopo l’indipendenza. Nella prima parte del lavoro verranno quindi approfondite alcune dimensioni storiche, culturali e religiose legate alla civiltà nomade con particolare attenzione all’impatto dell’esperienza della colonizzazione russa e sovietica. Nella seconda parte si cercherà riflettere sulla contemporaneità, attraverso l’analisi di materiale raccolto in conversazioni, osservazioni e interviste realizzate da febbraio a maggio 2025 ad Almaty, cercando di individuare dei temi che apparivano come più significativi anche alla luce della letteratura.
Territori di frontiera: tra eredità e trasformazioni, il nomadismo in Kazakhstan
ZAMBON, VALENTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
This work deals with nomadism in Central Asia (particularly in the context of present-day Kazakhstan) and aims to reflect on the transformations (including tragic ones) that have taken place in the history of this particularly complex world. The objective is to connect the past with the present, in order to understand what remains alive today of nomadic civilization and what its cultural and religious heritage is. Since the dawn of its history, Central Asia, and in particular the territory that today corresponds to Kazakhstan, has been a privileged meeting point for different peoples, cultures, and religions, nomadic and sedentary lifestyles, in a ‘frontier’ dimension. It has always been a space at the “center” of the Eurasian continent, characterized by multiple and constantly changing identities throughout different eras, a corridor between Europe and Asia, East and West, between Siberia and the Caucasus, the Iranian plateau, Anatolia, and the Black Sea coast. However, the Soviet presence represented a moment of profound upheaval: with modernity, national borders were drawn and nomads were subjected to policies of forced sedentarisation, leading to the virtual extermination of a large part of the Kazakh population. All this had a profound impact and led to a radical transformation in people's lifestyles and identities, which the country had to deal with after independence. The first part of this work will therefore explore some of the historical, cultural, and religious dimensions of nomadic civilization, with particular attention to the impact of Russian and Soviet colonization. The second part will reflect on the contemporary situation through the analysis of material collected in conversations, observations, and interviews conducted from February to May 2025 in Almaty, seeking to identify themes that appeared most significant in light of the literature.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100957