In this experimental study, the bactericidal and bacteriostatic efficacy of six biocides was evaluated against three serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S. Infantis, S. Agona, S. Anatum), which are frequently isolated in broiler chicken and turkey farms. These are products commonly used in poultry farms, tested in vitro at three different concentrations, including the concentrations declared for use. The assays were conducted through phenotypic tests in accordance with the UNI EN 1656:2019 standard, plating the strains after exposure to the disinfectants on selective media to monitor bacterial growth. The experimental conditions included: (1) immediate plating after the contact time declared for each disinfectant, with neutralization of the agent before plating; (2) plating after overnight incubation at 20 °C of the plates with the bacterial strain and disinfectant in contact; (3) plating after incubation at 37 °C for 48 h of the plates post-neutralization of the disinfectant after the declared contact time. In each case, bacterial counts were performed to evaluate the logarithmic reduction of the microbial load as a function of the treatment. In parallel, the strains used were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analyzed for the identification of genes associated with resistance to biocides and antibiotics. The genomic sequences of the strains considered in the study were compared with those of strains belonging to the same serotypes present in the collection of the Reference Center for Salmonellosis, in order to highlight any gene differences or emerging resistances. The aim of the work is twofold: on the one hand, to evaluate the susceptibility of three Salmonella serotypes known for their persistence in broiler chicken and turkey production chains to six biocides, under controlled but representative conditions of the livestock environment, in order to collect useful information for defining effective cleaning and disinfection protocols; on the other hand, to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these strains, comparing them with the gene resistance profiles of circulating strains belonging to the same serotype.
In questo studio sperimentale è stata valutata l’efficacia battericida e batteriostatica di sei biocidi nei confronti di tre sierotipi di Salmonella enterica subsp enterica (S. Infantis, S. Agona, S. Anatum), frequentemente isolati in allevamenti di polli e tacchini da carne. Si tratta di prodotti comunemente utilizzati negli allevamenti avicoli, testati in vitro a tre diverse concentrazioni, comprese quelle dichiarate d’utilizzo. I saggi sono stati condotti mediante test fenotipici in accordo con la norma UNI EN 1656:2019, seminando i ceppi post-esposizione ai disinfettanti in terreni selettivi per il monitoraggio della crescita batterica. Le condizioni sperimentali hanno incluso: (1) semina immediata dopo il tempo di contatto dichiarato per ogni disinfettante, con neutralizzazione dell’agente pre-semina; (2) semina dopo incubazione overnight a 20 °C delle piastre con il ceppo batterico e il disinfettante a contatto; (3) semina dopo incubazione a 37 °C per 48 h delle piastre post-neutralizzazione del disinfettante dopo il tempo di contatto dichiarato. In ciascun caso è stata effettuata la conta batterica per la valutazione della riduzione logaritmica della carica microbica in funzione del trattamento. Parallelamente, i ceppi impiegati sono stati sottoposti a whole genome sequencing (WGS) e analizzati per l’individuazione di geni associati alla resistenza a biocidi e antibiotici. Le sequenze genomiche dei ceppi considerati nello studio sono state confrontate con quelle dei ceppi appartenenti agli stessi sierotipi presenti nella collezione del Centro di Referenza per le Salmonellosi, al fine di evidenziare eventuali differenze geniche o resistenze emergenti. L’obiettivo del lavoro è duplice: da un lato valutare la suscettibilità di tre sierotipi di Salmonella noti per la loro persistenza nelle filiere del pollo e tacchino da carne nei confronti di sei biocidi, in condizioni controllate ma rappresentative dell’ambiente zootecnico, al fine di raccogliere informazioni utili per definire protocolli di pulizia e disinfezione efficaci; dall’altro, indagare i pattern di antimicrobico resistenza di questi ceppi, confrontandoli con i profili di resistenza genica dei ceppi circolanti appartenenti al medesimo sierotipo.
Valutazione della suscettibilità di sierotipi persistenti di Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S. Infantis, S. Anatum e S. Agona) a biocidi comunemente impiegati negli allevamenti avicoli: studio della resistenza fenotipica e analisi genotipica
CESCO, LUCREZIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In this experimental study, the bactericidal and bacteriostatic efficacy of six biocides was evaluated against three serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (S. Infantis, S. Agona, S. Anatum), which are frequently isolated in broiler chicken and turkey farms. These are products commonly used in poultry farms, tested in vitro at three different concentrations, including the concentrations declared for use. The assays were conducted through phenotypic tests in accordance with the UNI EN 1656:2019 standard, plating the strains after exposure to the disinfectants on selective media to monitor bacterial growth. The experimental conditions included: (1) immediate plating after the contact time declared for each disinfectant, with neutralization of the agent before plating; (2) plating after overnight incubation at 20 °C of the plates with the bacterial strain and disinfectant in contact; (3) plating after incubation at 37 °C for 48 h of the plates post-neutralization of the disinfectant after the declared contact time. In each case, bacterial counts were performed to evaluate the logarithmic reduction of the microbial load as a function of the treatment. In parallel, the strains used were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) and analyzed for the identification of genes associated with resistance to biocides and antibiotics. The genomic sequences of the strains considered in the study were compared with those of strains belonging to the same serotypes present in the collection of the Reference Center for Salmonellosis, in order to highlight any gene differences or emerging resistances. The aim of the work is twofold: on the one hand, to evaluate the susceptibility of three Salmonella serotypes known for their persistence in broiler chicken and turkey production chains to six biocides, under controlled but representative conditions of the livestock environment, in order to collect useful information for defining effective cleaning and disinfection protocols; on the other hand, to investigate the antimicrobial resistance patterns of these strains, comparing them with the gene resistance profiles of circulating strains belonging to the same serotype.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101196