This thesis examines the implementation of sustainability standards in the food supply chain, focusing on ISO 14001 as the most established framework for environmental management systems. The aim is not only to assess whether certified firms achieve better environmental results, but to understand under which organisational and contextual conditions certification translates into stronger performance. Drawing on a contingency perspective, the study develops three working expectations regarding, the role of organisational structure, the extent of ISO 14001 coverage across production sites and the integration of ISO 14001 with complementary management systems, particularly ISO 50001. The empirical analysis is based on a dataset constructed from sustainability and ESG reports of 22 European food and beverage companies. From these reports, quantitative indicators were extracted on CO₂ emissions (Scope 1+2), carbon intensity, specific energy and water consumption, share of renewable electricity and waste recovery rates. These indicators are compared against sectoral benchmarks derived from authoritative European institutional sources. Descriptive benchmarking is complemented by Welch’s t-tests to explore whether groups of firms with different characteristics display significantly different environmental performance profiles.
Questa tesi analizza l’implementazione degli standard di sostenibilità nella filiera alimentare, con un focus su ISO 14001 come principale quadro di riferimento per i sistemi di gestione ambientale. L’obiettivo è comprendere non solo se le imprese certificate ottengono migliori risultati ambientali, ma in quali condizioni organizzative e contestuali la certificazione si traduce in performance più solide. Alla luce della prospettiva di contingenze, lo studio sviluppa tre aspettative di ricerca riguardanti il ruolo della struttura organizzativa, il grado di copertura della certificazione sui siti produttivi e l’integrazione di ISO 14001 con sistemi complementari. L’analisi si basa su un dataset costruito a partire da report di sostenibilità e ESG di 22 imprese europee del settore food & beverage, da cui sono stati estratti indicatori quantitativi relativi a emissioni di CO₂ (Scope 1+2), intensità carbonica, consumi specifici di energia e acqua, quota di elettricità rinnovabile e tassi di recupero dei rifiuti. Tali indicatori sono confrontati con benchmark settoriali derivati da fonti istituzionali europee. All’analisi di benchmarking si affiancano alcuni t-test di Welch per esplorare se gruppi di imprese con caratteristiche differenti mostrino profili di performance significativamente diversi.
The Implementation of ISO 14001 within the Food Supply Chain: A Contingency Perspective on Sustainability Standards
DE LUISA, EDOARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the implementation of sustainability standards in the food supply chain, focusing on ISO 14001 as the most established framework for environmental management systems. The aim is not only to assess whether certified firms achieve better environmental results, but to understand under which organisational and contextual conditions certification translates into stronger performance. Drawing on a contingency perspective, the study develops three working expectations regarding, the role of organisational structure, the extent of ISO 14001 coverage across production sites and the integration of ISO 14001 with complementary management systems, particularly ISO 50001. The empirical analysis is based on a dataset constructed from sustainability and ESG reports of 22 European food and beverage companies. From these reports, quantitative indicators were extracted on CO₂ emissions (Scope 1+2), carbon intensity, specific energy and water consumption, share of renewable electricity and waste recovery rates. These indicators are compared against sectoral benchmarks derived from authoritative European institutional sources. Descriptive benchmarking is complemented by Welch’s t-tests to explore whether groups of firms with different characteristics display significantly different environmental performance profiles.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101245