In the 1950s and 1960s, hydropower represented the main national energy source, accounting for approximately 75% of total electricity production. During this period, numerous artificial reservoirs were constructed to support energy generation. With the advent of new energy sources, however, the relevance of hydropower has progressively declined; today, hydroelectric power amounts to only about 15% of Italy’s total energy production. In spite of this reduction, it is still necessary to ensure proper maintenance of the reservoirs that remain in operation across the territory. The primary issue affecting artificial reservoirs is sedimentation, which reduces the available water storage volume and negatively impacts energy production. This problem is particularly significant in reservoirs with limited storage capacity: to mitigate sedimentation, it is necessary to intervene upstream by constructing sediment-retention structures within the river network, thereby reducing the sediment load entering the reservoir. This study presents the case of the Busa reservoir, located in Vallarsa (Trento) and managed by Power, a company of AGSM-AIM group, based in Verona. The Busa reservoir is characterized by a limited storage capacity and is supplied by four tributary watercourses, two of which are affected by medium-to-high sediment loads. On the Rio Piazza, the construction of a sediment-retention structure is already underway, whereas for the Leno di Vallarsa stream, this study proposes the implementation of an analogous retention work. The structure presented in this study is a check dam designed according to the characteristics of the contributing watershed, defined through grain-size analyses, hydrological assessments, and the calculation of both liquid and solid peak discharges. The grain-size analysis was conducted through multiple field samplings, while the hydrological analysis was performed using the kinematic method and the KLEM (Kinematic Local Excess Model) approach. The estimation of the sediment volume accumulated upstream of the structure was obtained using a height–volume curve generated via an R-based script capable of computing the stored sediment volume as a function of channel geometry and structure height. The check dam was hydraulically sized and preliminarily dimensioned from a structural standpoint. This was achieved by interpolating the results of the hydrological and sedimentological analyses across nine different scenarios defined by varying return periods and rainfall durations. Based on the hydraulic and structural design, the architectural project of the structure was subsequently developed.
Negli anni '50-'60 dello scorso secolo quella idroelettrica è stata la principale fonte di energia pari a circa il 75% della produzione nazionale; durante questo periodo, infatti, sono stati realizzati molti invasi artificiali necessari la produzione. Con l’avvento di nuove energie, l’energia idroelettrica ha perso di importanza, infatti, ad oggi, l’energia prodotta da centrali idroelettriche corrisponde a solo al 15% della produzione italiana. Nonostante questo calo si rende comunque necessaria la manutenzione degli invasi ancora funzionanti presenti sul territorio. Il problema principale degli invasi artificiali è quello dell'inghiaiamento in quanto diminuisce il volume idrico disponibile e comporta effetti negativi alla produzione di energia. Tale problema è tanto più presente quanto l'invaso ha dimensioni ridotte. Al fine di contenere il più possibile quanto appena illustrato si rende necessario agire a monte dell'invaso realizzando opere di trattenuta sulla rete idrografica che vadano a ridurre l'apporto solido all'interno dell'invaso stesso. Nello specifico di questo elaborato si vuole presentare il caso dell'invaso di Busa, localizzato in Vallarsa (Trento) gestito dalla società Power del gruppo veronese AGSM-AIM. Il lago artificiale di Busa ha dimensioni ridotte e viene alimentato da quattro corsi d'acqua, due dei quali hanno un afflusso detritico medio-elevato. Sul rio Piazza si sta già operando per realizzare un'opera di trattenuta, mentre sul torrente Leno di Vallarsa, si vuole proporre un'opera con questo studio. L'opera che si vuole presentare è una briglia di trattenuta progettata in funzione delle caratteristiche del bacino idrografico definite attraverso analisi granulometriche, analisi idrologiche e il calcolo della portata di picco liquido e solida. L'analisi granulometrica è stata svolta con diversi campionamenti in loco, mentre quella idrologica è stata effettuata mediante i metodi cinematico e KLEM (Kinematic Local Excess Model). La stima del volume di sedimento invasato a monte dell’opera è stata possibile grazie alla curva altezza – volume realizzata grazie ad uno script basato su R in grado di fornire la volumetria invasata in funzione della geometria dell’alveo e dell’altezza dell’opera. La briglia è stata dimensionata idraulicamente e predimensionata staticamente; ciò è stato possibile grazie all’interpolazione dei risultati delle analisi idrologiche e sedimentologiche relative a nove scenari differenti per quanto riguarda tempi di ritorno e durata di precipitazione. Sulla base del dimensionamento idraulico e statico è stato realizzato il progetto architettonico.
Proposta di mantenimento della funzionalità di un invaso ad uso idrolettrico: il caso del torrente Leno di Vallarsa (Trento)
GASPERINI, NAIDA
2024/2025
Abstract
In the 1950s and 1960s, hydropower represented the main national energy source, accounting for approximately 75% of total electricity production. During this period, numerous artificial reservoirs were constructed to support energy generation. With the advent of new energy sources, however, the relevance of hydropower has progressively declined; today, hydroelectric power amounts to only about 15% of Italy’s total energy production. In spite of this reduction, it is still necessary to ensure proper maintenance of the reservoirs that remain in operation across the territory. The primary issue affecting artificial reservoirs is sedimentation, which reduces the available water storage volume and negatively impacts energy production. This problem is particularly significant in reservoirs with limited storage capacity: to mitigate sedimentation, it is necessary to intervene upstream by constructing sediment-retention structures within the river network, thereby reducing the sediment load entering the reservoir. This study presents the case of the Busa reservoir, located in Vallarsa (Trento) and managed by Power, a company of AGSM-AIM group, based in Verona. The Busa reservoir is characterized by a limited storage capacity and is supplied by four tributary watercourses, two of which are affected by medium-to-high sediment loads. On the Rio Piazza, the construction of a sediment-retention structure is already underway, whereas for the Leno di Vallarsa stream, this study proposes the implementation of an analogous retention work. The structure presented in this study is a check dam designed according to the characteristics of the contributing watershed, defined through grain-size analyses, hydrological assessments, and the calculation of both liquid and solid peak discharges. The grain-size analysis was conducted through multiple field samplings, while the hydrological analysis was performed using the kinematic method and the KLEM (Kinematic Local Excess Model) approach. The estimation of the sediment volume accumulated upstream of the structure was obtained using a height–volume curve generated via an R-based script capable of computing the stored sediment volume as a function of channel geometry and structure height. The check dam was hydraulically sized and preliminarily dimensioned from a structural standpoint. This was achieved by interpolating the results of the hydrological and sedimentological analyses across nine different scenarios defined by varying return periods and rainfall durations. Based on the hydraulic and structural design, the architectural project of the structure was subsequently developed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101445