Green areas are essential for environmental mitigation and citizens’ well-being. Lawns, which constitute a significant portion of urban greenery, provide fundamental ecosystem services and additionally promote social interaction, psychological and physical health, and increase the economic value of urban spaces. However, their intensive maintenance can be environmentally unsustainable. More careful management, incorporating resilient species and differentiated mowing regimes, can substantially reduce environmental impacts. Wildflower meadows are characterized by high biodiversity, low maintenance requirements, and a visually pleasing effect. Biodiverse lawns, which are the focus of this thesis, represent an intermediate solution between conventional lawns and wildflower meadows, combining recreational functions, aesthetic value, ecosystem services, and greater resilience to environmental stressors, while requiring lower external inputs. The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance of six different biodiverse lawn mixtures, composed of grasses and flowering dicotyledons, compared with grass-only mixtures. The experiment, conducted under controlled conditions, was arranged in blocks of plots managed with varying heights and mowing frequencies and subjected to uniform water stress during June. Over the period from November 2024 to August 2025 (the duration of the trial), the following assessments were performed: LGC (Living Ground Cover) using Digital Image Analysis (DIA) to measure the green coverage of each plot; Flowering date, weekly monitoring of flower presence in dicotyledonous species; Flower density, assessment of the percentage of flowers present in dicotyledonous species; Leaves density, measurement of leaf surface area for both dicotyledons and grasses; General impression, visual evaluation of the plots using a predefined scale (1–7); Height, maximum of the herbaceous mixtures. Based on the obtained results, biodiverse lawns demonstrated greater tolerance to water stress compared to grass-only mixtures, exhibiting notable aesthetic value throughout the trial. Among the dicotyledon species used, Lotus tenuis, Prunella vulgaris, and Bellis perennis were the most tolerant to water stress and the most resilient. The species with the highest flowering percentages were Bellis perennis and Erodium cicutarium during the spring growth period, while under water stress conditions, Lotus tenuis and Bellis perennis showed the highest flowering percentages. Overall, the biodiverse lawn mixture composed of fine fescues, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne, and the dicotyledonous species Bellis perennis, Lotus tenuis, Viola cornuta, Prunella vulgaris, Trifolium fragiferum, Thymus serpyllum, Lamium purpureum, Erodium cicutarium, and Dianthus deltoides demonstrated the best performance throughout the trial.
Le aree verdi sono essenziali per la mitigazione ambientale e il benessere dei cittadini. I tappeti erbosi, che costituiscono gran parte del verde urbano, offrono servizi ecosistemici fondamentali e favoriscono inoltre la socialità, la salute psicofisica e aumentano il valore economico degli spazi urbani. Tuttavia, la loro manutenzione intensiva può essere poco sostenibile. Una gestione più attenta, con specie resistenti e sfalci differenziati, può ridurre di molto gli impatti ambientali. I prati fioriti (wildflowers) sono caratterizzati da un alto grado di biodiversità, bassa manutenzione e piacevole effetto estetico. I prati biodiversi, oggetto di studio di questa tesi, rappresentano una soluzione intermedia tra il tappeto erboso e i wildflowers, coniugando funzioni ricreative, valore estetico, servizi ecosistemici e maggiore resilienza agli stress ambientali, pur richiedendo minori input esterni. Il presente lavoro è stato condotto con l’obiettivo di valutare le performance di sei miscugli di prati biodiversi differenti, composti da graminacee e dicotiledoni da fiore, confrontandoli con miscugli di sole graminacee. La prova, realizzata in ambiente protetto è stata organizzata in blocchi di parcelle gestite con differenti altezze e frequenze di taglio e sottoposte ad uguale stress idrico durante il mese di giugno. Nel periodo compreso tra novembre 2024 ad agosto 2025 (durata della prova), sono stati effettuati i seguenti rilievi: LGC (Living Ground Cover) mediante “DIA” (Digital Image Analysis), per misurare il grado di copertura verde di ogni parcella; Flowering date, rilievo a frequenza settimanale della presenza di fiori nelle specie dicotiledoni; Flower density, rilievo della percentuale di fiori presenti nelle specie dicotiledoni; Leaves density, rilievo della percentuale di superficie fogliare delle dicotiledoni e delle graminacee; General impression, valutazione visiva delle parcelle seguendo una scala di valori predefinita (da 1 a 7); Altezza massima dei miscugli erbacei. In base ai risultati ottenuti i prati biodiversi si sono dimostrati più tolleranti allo stress idrico rispetto ai miscugli di sole graminacee evidenziando un notevole valore estetico durante tutta la prova. Tra le specie dicotiledoni utilizzate. Lotus tenuis, Prunella vulgaris e Bellis perennis sono state le più tolleranti allo stress idrico e le più resilienti. Le specie che hanno mostrato le percentuali di fioritura maggiori sono state Bellis perennis ed Erodium cicutarium durante il periodo di sviluppo primaverile, mentre in fase di stress idrico Lotus tenuis e Bellis perennis. Nel complesso il miscuglio di prato biodiverso composto da festuche fini, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne e dalle specie dicotiledoni Bellis perennis, Lotus tenuis, Viola cornuta, Prunella vulgaris, Trifolium fragiferum, Thymus serpyllum, Lamium purpureum, Erodium cicutarium e Dianthus deltoides, ha mostrato le performance migliori durante tutta la prova.
Prati biodiversi: un equilibrio sostenibile tra estetica e resilienza. Analisi comparativa di miscugli erbacei sottoposti a stress idrico e regimi di taglio differenziati
PATUZZI, MICHELE
2024/2025
Abstract
Green areas are essential for environmental mitigation and citizens’ well-being. Lawns, which constitute a significant portion of urban greenery, provide fundamental ecosystem services and additionally promote social interaction, psychological and physical health, and increase the economic value of urban spaces. However, their intensive maintenance can be environmentally unsustainable. More careful management, incorporating resilient species and differentiated mowing regimes, can substantially reduce environmental impacts. Wildflower meadows are characterized by high biodiversity, low maintenance requirements, and a visually pleasing effect. Biodiverse lawns, which are the focus of this thesis, represent an intermediate solution between conventional lawns and wildflower meadows, combining recreational functions, aesthetic value, ecosystem services, and greater resilience to environmental stressors, while requiring lower external inputs. The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance of six different biodiverse lawn mixtures, composed of grasses and flowering dicotyledons, compared with grass-only mixtures. The experiment, conducted under controlled conditions, was arranged in blocks of plots managed with varying heights and mowing frequencies and subjected to uniform water stress during June. Over the period from November 2024 to August 2025 (the duration of the trial), the following assessments were performed: LGC (Living Ground Cover) using Digital Image Analysis (DIA) to measure the green coverage of each plot; Flowering date, weekly monitoring of flower presence in dicotyledonous species; Flower density, assessment of the percentage of flowers present in dicotyledonous species; Leaves density, measurement of leaf surface area for both dicotyledons and grasses; General impression, visual evaluation of the plots using a predefined scale (1–7); Height, maximum of the herbaceous mixtures. Based on the obtained results, biodiverse lawns demonstrated greater tolerance to water stress compared to grass-only mixtures, exhibiting notable aesthetic value throughout the trial. Among the dicotyledon species used, Lotus tenuis, Prunella vulgaris, and Bellis perennis were the most tolerant to water stress and the most resilient. The species with the highest flowering percentages were Bellis perennis and Erodium cicutarium during the spring growth period, while under water stress conditions, Lotus tenuis and Bellis perennis showed the highest flowering percentages. Overall, the biodiverse lawn mixture composed of fine fescues, Poa pratensis, Lolium perenne, and the dicotyledonous species Bellis perennis, Lotus tenuis, Viola cornuta, Prunella vulgaris, Trifolium fragiferum, Thymus serpyllum, Lamium purpureum, Erodium cicutarium, and Dianthus deltoides demonstrated the best performance throughout the trial.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101450