Evaluation of CO2 emissions and decarbonization measures in an Italian wine bottling company: a GHG protocol & SBTi approach

This thesis investigates the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of an Italian wine bottling company, applying the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) and the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) as methodological frameworks. The study provides a comprehensive carbon accounting analysis of Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions for the year 2023, supported by primary company data and standardized emission factors. Results are benchmarked against literature values for the wine sector, highlighting that Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions per bottle are significantly lower than cradle-to-grave assessments, where packaging and viticulture typically dominate the carbon footprint. In the final part of the work, Scope 3 contributions will be integrated to provide a full value-chain perspective, and decarbonization measures will be proposed to reduce emissions in line with SBTi requirements.