The Heck reaction holds significant relevance in modern chemical synthesis. However, not all aspects of its catalysis and mechanism are fully understood. Indeed, many authors, under different reaction conditions, have observed stepwise kinetic profiles for this reaction, which could be related to alternating activation and deactivation processes of the catalyst. In particular, this phenomenon may result from the competition between aggregation processes of palladium present in the reaction mixture and the leaching of in situ–formed metallic nanoparticles. This Thesis project examines these aspects through an ex situ analysis method of the reaction mixtures, assessing the behavior of the catalytic system under varying reaction conditions and in the presence of additives. Special attention is devoted to the possible deactivation of the catalyst by chlorides in Heck reactions involving aryl chlorides, as well as to strategies aimed at improving the reaction yield with such substrates.
La reazione di Heck riveste un ruolo di importanza fondamentale nella sintesi chimica moderna. Tuttavia, non tutti gli aspetti relativi alla catalisi e al meccanismo di reazione risultano compresi con chiarezza. Molti autori infatti, in differenti condizioni di reazione, hanno osservato per tale reazione dei profili cinetici “a scalini”, che potrebbero essere correlati all’alternarsi di processi di attivazione e di disattivazione del catalizzatore. In particolare, tale fenomeno potrebbe risultare dalla competizione tra i processi di aggregazione del palladio presente nella miscela di reazione e la lisciviazione delle nanoparticelle metalliche formate in situ. Questo lavoro di Tesi propone lo studio di tali aspetti mediante un metodo di analisi ex situ delle miscele di reazione, valutando la risposta del sistema catalitico in funzione di variazioni delle condizioni sperimentali. Particolare attenzione è dedicata al possibile avvelenamento del catalizzatore da parte dei cloruri in reazioni di Heck con cloruri arilici e al miglioramento della resa con tali substrati.
Studio sul meccanismo della reazione di Heck
MATTIUZZO, ALESSIO
2024/2025
Abstract
The Heck reaction holds significant relevance in modern chemical synthesis. However, not all aspects of its catalysis and mechanism are fully understood. Indeed, many authors, under different reaction conditions, have observed stepwise kinetic profiles for this reaction, which could be related to alternating activation and deactivation processes of the catalyst. In particular, this phenomenon may result from the competition between aggregation processes of palladium present in the reaction mixture and the leaching of in situ–formed metallic nanoparticles. This Thesis project examines these aspects through an ex situ analysis method of the reaction mixtures, assessing the behavior of the catalytic system under varying reaction conditions and in the presence of additives. Special attention is devoted to the possible deactivation of the catalyst by chlorides in Heck reactions involving aryl chlorides, as well as to strategies aimed at improving the reaction yield with such substrates.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Mattiuzzo_Alessio_FINALE.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101848