The purpose of this thesis project is to advance toward mimicking natural biological systems, which have long stood as a guiding inspiration for supramolecular chemistry, creating abiotic non-equilibrium systems. Also called “fuel-driven” or dissipative systems, the consumption of an energy source (i.e. chemical reagent) is exploited to bring the system out of the equilibrium state, thus allowing the execution of a molecular function. Subsequently, the system regress from the non-equilibrium state (activated state) to the equilibrium condition (deactivated state), accumulating “waste” due to energy consumption. This cyclic and reiterable process is ubiquitous in biological environment where, for instance, the catalytic ability of enzymes can be activated or deactivated according to a chemical modification. In broader terms, the ingenious fueling of intricate networks of dissipative processes enables the execution of all biological functions, avoiding any waste accumulation in the organism. Inspired by chemically triggerable enzymes, this thesis work aims to develop artificial dissipative systems that can operate as chemosensors in the activated state. These innovative nanodevices serve as molecular probes, which provide practical evidence of molecular events induced by external stimuli. Specifically, this study investigates on the response of gold nanoparticles based receptors functionalized with protonatable amine-based thiols and solubilizing thiols, combined with the use of self-decarboxylating acids. The tribromoacetic acid (TBA), well-known chemical fuels adopted for this work, can temporarily alter the pH of the solution and subsequently self-degrade into mostly volatile by-products. The transient protonation plays a crucial role in activating the chemosensor, permitting the selective recognition of p-toluensulfonate, the target analyte of this research. In this way, triggerable gold nanoparticle-based chemosensors can be temporarily switched-on by a single addition of chemical fuel. The decarboxylation reaction closes the dissipative cycle, bringing the system back to the quiescent equilibrium state.
Lo scopo di questo progetto di tesi è progredire verso l’imitazione dei sistemi biologici naturali, che da tempo rappresentano una fonte di ispirazione per la chimica supramolecolare, creando sistemi abiotici fuori dall’equilibrio. Detti anche sistemi “alimentati da carburante” o dissipativi, essi sfruttano il consumo di una fonte di energia (ossia un reagente chimico) per portare il sistema fuori dallo stato di equilibrio, permettendo così l’esecuzione di una funzione molecolare. Successivamente, il sistema regredisce dallo stato di non-equilibrio (stato attivato) alla condizione di equilibrio (stato disattivato), accumulando “scarti” a causa del consumo di energia. Questo processo ciclico e reiterabile è onnipresente nell’ambiente biologico dove, ad esempio, la capacità catalitica degli enzimi può essere attivata o disattivata in base a una modifica chimica. In termini più ampi, l’ingegnoso rifornimento di intricate reti di processi dissipativi consente l’esecuzione di tutte le funzioni biologiche, evitando l’accumulo di scarti nell’organismo. Ispirato agli enzimi attivabili chimicamente, questo lavoro di tesi si propone di sviluppare sistemi dissipativi artificiali in grado di operare come chemosensori nello stato attivato. Questi innovativi nanodispositivi fungono da sonde molecolari, fornendo prove pratiche degli eventi molecolari indotti da stimoli esterni. In particolare, questo studio indaga la risposta di recettori a base di nanoparticelle d’oro funzionalizzati con tioli aminici protonabili e tioli solubilizzanti, in combinazione con l’impiego di acidi autodecarbossilanti. L’acido tribromoacetico (TBA), noto carburante chimico adottato in questo lavoro, può temporaneamente modificare il pH della soluzione e successivamente autodistruggersi generando principalmente sottoprodotti volatili. La protonazione transitoria svolge un ruolo cruciale nell’attivazione del chemosensore, permettendo il riconoscimento selettivo del p-toluensolfonato, l’analita bersaglio di questa ricerca. In questo modo, i chemosensori basati su nanoparticelle d’oro attivabili possono essere temporaneamente “accesi” tramite una singola aggiunta di carburante chimico. Infine, la decarbossilazione chiude il ciclo dissipativo ideato.
Recettori auto-organizzati a base di nanoparticelle d’oro per “NMR chemosensing”
ROVEREDO, ELIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The purpose of this thesis project is to advance toward mimicking natural biological systems, which have long stood as a guiding inspiration for supramolecular chemistry, creating abiotic non-equilibrium systems. Also called “fuel-driven” or dissipative systems, the consumption of an energy source (i.e. chemical reagent) is exploited to bring the system out of the equilibrium state, thus allowing the execution of a molecular function. Subsequently, the system regress from the non-equilibrium state (activated state) to the equilibrium condition (deactivated state), accumulating “waste” due to energy consumption. This cyclic and reiterable process is ubiquitous in biological environment where, for instance, the catalytic ability of enzymes can be activated or deactivated according to a chemical modification. In broader terms, the ingenious fueling of intricate networks of dissipative processes enables the execution of all biological functions, avoiding any waste accumulation in the organism. Inspired by chemically triggerable enzymes, this thesis work aims to develop artificial dissipative systems that can operate as chemosensors in the activated state. These innovative nanodevices serve as molecular probes, which provide practical evidence of molecular events induced by external stimuli. Specifically, this study investigates on the response of gold nanoparticles based receptors functionalized with protonatable amine-based thiols and solubilizing thiols, combined with the use of self-decarboxylating acids. The tribromoacetic acid (TBA), well-known chemical fuels adopted for this work, can temporarily alter the pH of the solution and subsequently self-degrade into mostly volatile by-products. The transient protonation plays a crucial role in activating the chemosensor, permitting the selective recognition of p-toluensulfonate, the target analyte of this research. In this way, triggerable gold nanoparticle-based chemosensors can be temporarily switched-on by a single addition of chemical fuel. The decarboxylation reaction closes the dissipative cycle, bringing the system back to the quiescent equilibrium state.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101853