Tumors of the biliary-pancreatic tract, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma, constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by high biological aggressiveness, low resectability, and generally poor prognosis. The molecular characterization of these tumors has allowed the identification of specific genomic alterations, including mutations in the KRAS gene, which represents a potential therapeutic target within precision medicine, and TP53. In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive diagnostic and monitoring approach, capable of providing dynamic molecular information on the tumor's status through the analysis of circulating components, particularly circulating free DNA (cfDNA), present in biological fluids such as plasma and bile. This thesis aims to compare the molecular profile of cfDNA obtained from plasma and bile samples of patients with biliopancreatic tumors, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The findings suggest that bile, due to its proximity to the tumor site, represents a potentially richer biological source of cfDNA compared to plasma, allowing for more sensitive identification of somatic alterations. The results demonstrate that liquid biopsy, while not replacing traditional tissue biopsy, constitutes a complementary diagnostic tool of high clinical value, useful for early diagnosis, molecular profiling, and monitoring therapeutic response in biliopancreatic tumors. Integrating these methods into clinical practice could represent a significant step toward an increasingly personalized and targeted oncological approach.
I tumori del tratto bilio-pancreatico, comprendenti l’adenocarcinoma duttale del pancreas, il colangiocarcinoma intraepatico, extraepatico e il carcinoma della colecisti, costituiscono un gruppo eterogeneo di neoplasie caratterizzate da elevata aggressività biologica, scarsa resecabilità e prognosi generalmente infausta. La caratterizzazione molecolare di tali tumori ha consentito l’identificazione di specifiche alterazioni genomiche, tra cui mutazioni a carico dei geni KRAS, che rappresenta un potenziale bersaglio terapeutico nell’ambito della medicina di precisione, e TP53. Negli ultimi anni, la biopsia liquida si è affermata come approccio diagnostico e di monitoraggio minimamente invasivo, in grado di fornire informazioni molecolari dinamiche sullo stato del tumore attraverso l’analisi di componenti circolanti, in particolare del DNA libero circolante (cfDNA), presenti in fluidi biologici come il plasma e la bile. La presente tesi si propone di confrontare il profilo molecolare del cfDNA ottenuto da campioni di plasma e bile di pazienti affetti da tumori bilio-pancreatici, mediante tecniche di sequenziamento di nuova generazione (NGS). I dati emersi suggeriscono che la bile, per la sua prossimità al sito tumorale, rappresenta una fonte biologica potenzialmente più ricca di cfDNA rispetto al plasma, consentendo un’identificazione più sensibile delle alterazioni somatiche. I risultati ottenuti dimostrano che la biopsia liquida, pur non sostituendo la biopsia tissutale tradizionale, costituisce uno strumento diagnostico complementare di elevato valore clinico, utile per la diagnosi precoce, la profilazione molecolare e il monitoraggio della risposta terapeutica nei tumori bilio-pancreatici. L’integrazione di tali metodiche nella pratica clinica potrebbe rappresentare un passo significativo verso un approccio oncologico sempre più personalizzato e mirato.
Profilazione molecolare di tumori bilio-pancreatici su campioni di biopsia liquida: confronto tra plasma e bile
IGLIO, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Tumors of the biliary-pancreatic tract, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma, constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by high biological aggressiveness, low resectability, and generally poor prognosis. The molecular characterization of these tumors has allowed the identification of specific genomic alterations, including mutations in the KRAS gene, which represents a potential therapeutic target within precision medicine, and TP53. In recent years, liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive diagnostic and monitoring approach, capable of providing dynamic molecular information on the tumor's status through the analysis of circulating components, particularly circulating free DNA (cfDNA), present in biological fluids such as plasma and bile. This thesis aims to compare the molecular profile of cfDNA obtained from plasma and bile samples of patients with biliopancreatic tumors, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. The findings suggest that bile, due to its proximity to the tumor site, represents a potentially richer biological source of cfDNA compared to plasma, allowing for more sensitive identification of somatic alterations. The results demonstrate that liquid biopsy, while not replacing traditional tissue biopsy, constitutes a complementary diagnostic tool of high clinical value, useful for early diagnosis, molecular profiling, and monitoring therapeutic response in biliopancreatic tumors. Integrating these methods into clinical practice could represent a significant step toward an increasingly personalized and targeted oncological approach.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102190