Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a significant loss of muscle mass, with or without loss of fat mass, which cannot be fully reversed by a nutritional support. It affects 50 to 80% of patients with advanced cancer and is associated with very poor prognosis and impairment of cancer therapies. Skeletal muscle is the most affected organ in cancer cachexia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by the tumour and the immune system, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, are responsible for the loss of muscle mass by acting on multiple metabolic pathways: they promote protein degradation in muscle through the activation of catabolic pathways, and are involved in the down-regulation of the IGF1/Akt/mTORC1 pathway, which is one of the main signalling pathways for protein synthesis. A previous study in the laboratory of Pr. Blaauw has shown that the over-expression of the Akt kinase specifically in skeletal muscle in vivo is sufficient to reverse cancer-induced muscle atrophy. Moreover, more recently, the laboratory has observed that the tumours of Akt-overexpressing mice were smaller than the Wild-type tumour-bearing mice. Which effect the tumour has on skeletal muscle is well known, but considering these new findings a new question arises, how muscle tissue can influence tumour growth.
La cachessia tumorale è una sindrome multifattoriale caratterizzata da una perdita significativa di massa muscolare, con o senza perdita di massa grassa, che non può essere corretta con un forzato apporto nutrizionale. Colpisce dal 50 all'80% dei pazienti con cancro in fase avanzata ed è associata ad una prognosi molto sfavorevole e al peggioramento delle terapie contro il cancro. Il muscolo scheletrico è l’organo più colpito nella cachessia tumorale. Citochine pro-infiammatorie secrete dal tumore e dal sistema immunitario, come IL-6 e TNF-α, sono responsabili della perdita della massa muscolare agendo su più vie metaboliche: promuovono la degradazione proteica nel muscolo attraverso l’attivazione di vie cataboliche, e sono coinvolte nella down-regolazione del pathway IGF1/Akt/mTORC1, ovvero una delle vie di segnalazione principali per la sintesi proteica. Quest’ultimo pathway è stato oggetto di studio nel laboratorio del Prof. Blaauw in un precedente lavoro che ha dimostrato che l’over-espressione della chinasi Akt nel muscolo scheletrico in vivo è sufficiente a bloccare l’atrofia muscolare indotta da tumore. Inoltre, più recentemente, il laboratorio ha osservato che i tumori dei topi con sovraespressione di Akt erano più piccoli rispetto ai topi Wild-type. Quale effetto abbia il tumore sul muscolo scheletrico è ben noto, ma alla luce di queste nuove scoperte sorge una nuova domanda, ovvero come il tessuto muscolare possa influenzare la crescita tumorale.
Un nuovo ruolo del muscolo scheletrico nella crescita e proliferazione tumorale
MANIERO, LUCA
2024/2025
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a significant loss of muscle mass, with or without loss of fat mass, which cannot be fully reversed by a nutritional support. It affects 50 to 80% of patients with advanced cancer and is associated with very poor prognosis and impairment of cancer therapies. Skeletal muscle is the most affected organ in cancer cachexia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by the tumour and the immune system, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, are responsible for the loss of muscle mass by acting on multiple metabolic pathways: they promote protein degradation in muscle through the activation of catabolic pathways, and are involved in the down-regulation of the IGF1/Akt/mTORC1 pathway, which is one of the main signalling pathways for protein synthesis. A previous study in the laboratory of Pr. Blaauw has shown that the over-expression of the Akt kinase specifically in skeletal muscle in vivo is sufficient to reverse cancer-induced muscle atrophy. Moreover, more recently, the laboratory has observed that the tumours of Akt-overexpressing mice were smaller than the Wild-type tumour-bearing mice. Which effect the tumour has on skeletal muscle is well known, but considering these new findings a new question arises, how muscle tissue can influence tumour growth.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102193