The transition to a climate-neutral and circular economy requires innovative approaches to integrate safety and sustainability into product and material design from the earliest stages of development. The European Commission’s Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework addresses this challenge by promoting preventive strategies for chemical and material innovation. However, its operationalization remains limited, particularly due to the absence of standardized methodologies for assessing environmental, social, and economic impacts across the life cycle of products. This thesis investigates how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), encompassing Environmental LCA (ELCA), Social LCA (SLCA), and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), can be effectively integrated within the SSbD framework to support evidence-based, early-stage decision making. The research employs a mixed-method approach. First, an extensive literature review synthesizes recent advances, opportunities, and gaps in the application of LCA tools for early-stage innovation. Second, semi-structured expert interviews with industry, academic, and policy specialists validate these findings and provide practical insights on real-world barriers, data limitations, and best practices. The combined analysis highlights several critical challenges: data scarcity for low technology readiness levels (TRLs), methodological incompatibilities between risk assessment and LCA, the limited maturity of social and economic indicators, and low accessibility of advanced assessment tools for SMEs and research groups. At the same time, the study identifies significant opportunities, such as tiered and modular assessment approaches, the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to manage trade-offs, and the adoption of emerging digital solutions and regulatory instruments like the Digital Product Passport (DPP) to improve traceability and integration. Based on these findings, the thesis proposes methodological recommendations for enhancing the integration of ELCA, SLCA, and LCC within SSbD. These include adopting TRL tiered frameworks, embedding uncertainty and hotspot analyses, improving stakeholder engagement, and aligning assessments with regulatory and policy contexts to enhance transparency and comparability. By operationalizing these strategies, SSbD can evolve from a conceptual guideline into a robust, actionable framework that supports sustainable innovation across industries.
La transizione verso un’economia climaticamente neutra e circolare richiede approcci innovativi per integrare sicurezza e sostenibilità nella progettazione di prodotti e materiali sin dalle prime fasi di sviluppo. Il quadro di riferimento Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) della Commissione Europea affronta questa sfida promuovendo strategie preventive per l’innovazione chimica e dei materiali. Tuttavia, la sua operatività rimane limitata, in particolare a causa dell’assenza di metodologie standardizzate per valutare gli impatti ambientali, sociali ed economici lungo l’intero ciclo di vita dei prodotti. Questa tesi indaga come la Valutazione del Ciclo di Vita (LCA), comprendente LCA Ambientale (ELCA), LCA Sociale (SLCA) e Life Cycle Costing (LCC), possa essere efficacemente integrata all’interno del quadro SSbD per supportare decisioni informate nelle fasi iniziali di sviluppo. La ricerca adotta un approccio metodologico misto. In primo luogo, una revisione approfondita della letteratura sintetizza i recenti progressi, le opportunità e le lacune nell’applicazione degli strumenti LCA per l’innovazione nelle fasi iniziali. In secondo luogo, interviste semi-strutturate con esperti del settore industriale, accademico e politico convalidano tali risultati e forniscono approfondimenti pratici su barriere reali, limiti dei dati e buone pratiche. L’analisi combinata evidenzia diverse sfide cruciali: la scarsità di dati per livelli di maturità tecnologica bassi (TRL), le incompatibilità metodologiche tra valutazione del rischio e LCA, la limitata maturità degli indicatori sociali ed economici e la bassa accessibilità degli strumenti avanzati di valutazione per PMI e gruppi di ricerca. Allo stesso tempo, lo studio individua significative opportunità, come approcci di valutazione a livelli e modulari, l’uso dell’Analisi Multicriterio (MCDA) per gestire i compromessi e l’adozione di soluzioni digitali emergenti e strumenti normativi come il Passaporto Digitale del Prodotto (DPP) per migliorare la tracciabilità e l’integrazione. Sulla base di questi risultati, la tesi propone raccomandazioni metodologiche per migliorare l’integrazione di ELCA, SLCA e LCC all’interno di SSbD. Queste includono l’adozione di quadri basati su livelli di maturità tecnologica (TRL tiered frameworks), l’integrazione di analisi di incertezza e di hotspot, il miglioramento del coinvolgimento degli stakeholder e l’allineamento delle valutazioni con i contesti normativi e politici per accrescere trasparenza e comparabilità. Operazionalizzando queste strategie, SSbD può evolvere da una linea guida concettuale a un quadro solido e applicabile, capace di supportare l’innovazione sostenibile in diversi settori industriali.
Integrazione della Valutazione del Ciclo di Vita nel quadro Safe and Sustainable by Design: Raccomandazioni metodologiche per lo sviluppo sostenibile di prodotti nelle fasi iniziali
RASHIDI, SHAHRZAD
2024/2025
Abstract
The transition to a climate-neutral and circular economy requires innovative approaches to integrate safety and sustainability into product and material design from the earliest stages of development. The European Commission’s Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) framework addresses this challenge by promoting preventive strategies for chemical and material innovation. However, its operationalization remains limited, particularly due to the absence of standardized methodologies for assessing environmental, social, and economic impacts across the life cycle of products. This thesis investigates how Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), encompassing Environmental LCA (ELCA), Social LCA (SLCA), and Life Cycle Costing (LCC), can be effectively integrated within the SSbD framework to support evidence-based, early-stage decision making. The research employs a mixed-method approach. First, an extensive literature review synthesizes recent advances, opportunities, and gaps in the application of LCA tools for early-stage innovation. Second, semi-structured expert interviews with industry, academic, and policy specialists validate these findings and provide practical insights on real-world barriers, data limitations, and best practices. The combined analysis highlights several critical challenges: data scarcity for low technology readiness levels (TRLs), methodological incompatibilities between risk assessment and LCA, the limited maturity of social and economic indicators, and low accessibility of advanced assessment tools for SMEs and research groups. At the same time, the study identifies significant opportunities, such as tiered and modular assessment approaches, the use of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to manage trade-offs, and the adoption of emerging digital solutions and regulatory instruments like the Digital Product Passport (DPP) to improve traceability and integration. Based on these findings, the thesis proposes methodological recommendations for enhancing the integration of ELCA, SLCA, and LCC within SSbD. These include adopting TRL tiered frameworks, embedding uncertainty and hotspot analyses, improving stakeholder engagement, and aligning assessments with regulatory and policy contexts to enhance transparency and comparability. By operationalizing these strategies, SSbD can evolve from a conceptual guideline into a robust, actionable framework that supports sustainable innovation across industries.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102348