Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, complex, and chronic psychiatric disorder that disrupts social, occupational, and individual functioning and impairs the quality of life of patients. Symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into three distinct categories: positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, hyperactivity, stereotypies), negative symptoms (social withdrawal, anhedonia, alogia and avolition), and cognitive impairments (attentional, memory and executive function deficits). While current antipsychotics primarily address positive symptoms and are often associated with severe side effects, treatments remain ineffective for negative and especially cognitive domains. Disruption in circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles have been consistently observed in individuals with SCZ and are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to cognitive and affective deficits. Melatonin (MLT) is an important endogenous modulator of circadian rhythms which mostly acts interacting with G-protein coupled receptor named MT1 and MT2, that are located in specific brain areas involved in sleep-wake cycle, regulation of emotions and behavior. However, their possible selective role in the pathophysiology and psychopharmacology of SCZ is still to be determined. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hypofunction has been recognized as one of the major causes of SCZ. Based on this knowledge, this study aimed to investigate the implication of the melatonergic system in the context of SCZ and investigate whether MT2 receptors can be considered a potential therapeutic target for the disorder. MK-801 (Dizocilpine), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, was used to induce SCZ-like symptoms in mice. Behavioural experiments to investigate the role of the MLT system in MLT-proficient (C3H genetic background) and MLT-deficient (C57BL6 genetic background) were performed, and electrophysiological recordings of local field potentials were observed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during the T-maze task to evaluate oscillatory dynamics and coherence in the 0–40 Hz range. Subsequently the pharmacological effects of a selective MLT MT2 receptor partial agonist, UCM924, was evaluated in the MK-081 model of SCZ to investigate whether it was able to reverse positive-like (hyperlocomotion) and negative-like (sociability) symptoms as well as cognitive dysfunction. Finally, immunofluorescence analyses were carried out on perfused brain tissue to assess TH+ and PV+ neuronal populations co-expressing c-Fos in VTA and PFC areas, as markers of dopaminergic and GABAergic activation.
La schizofrenia è un disturbo psichiatrico cronico, complesso e invalidante, che compromette profondamente il funzionamento sociale, lavorativo e personale, riducendo in maniera significativa la qualità di vita dei pazienti. I sintomi possono essere ricondotti a tre grandi dimensioni: positivi (come allucinazioni, deliri e disturbi del pensiero), negativi (tra cui ritiro sociale, anedonia e ridotta motivazione) e cognitivi (deficit di attenzione, memoria e funzioni esecutive). Le terapie antipsicotiche oggi disponibili sono efficaci soprattutto sui sintomi positivi, ma comportano spesso gravi effetti collaterali e non riescono a migliorare in modo sostanziale le dimensioni negative e cognitive. Tra le alterazioni associate alla schizofrenia, un ruolo crescente è attribuito alle disfunzioni dei ritmi circadiani e del ciclo sonno–veglia, che sembrano contribuire al deterioramento cognitivo ed emotivo. In questo contesto, la melatonina rappresenta un modulatore endogeno fondamentale dei ritmi biologici, agendo principalmente attraverso i recettori MT1 e MT2, localizzati in aree cerebrali implicate nella regolazione del sonno, delle emozioni e del comportamento. Sebbene il loro coinvolgimento specifico nella schizofrenia non sia ancora del tutto chiarito, la letteratura indica che possano rappresentare un potenziale bersaglio terapeutico. Sulla base di queste premesse, il presente lavoro ha indagato il possibile ruolo del sistema melatoninergico nella schizofrenia e il valore dei recettori MT2 come target farmacologico. A questo scopo, è stato impiegato il modello murino basato sulla somministrazione di MK-801, antagonista non competitivo del recettore NMDA, in grado di riprodurre sintomi simil-schizofrenici. Sono state quindi condotte prove comportamentali su topi geneticamente competenti (C3H) o deficitari (C57BL6) per la sintesi di melatonina, e sono state effettuate registrazioni elettrofisiologiche dei potenziali di campo locale nell’ippocampo e nella corteccia prefrontale durante il test T-maze, con particolare attenzione alla dinamica delle oscillazioni e alla coerenza nelle frequenze 0–40 Hz. Successivamente, è stato valutato l’effetto farmacologico di UCM924, un agonista parziale selettivo dei recettori MT2, per verificarne la capacità di contrastare i sintomi positivi (iperlocomozione), negativi (deficit di sociabilità) e cognitivi. Infine, analisi di immunofluorescenza sui tessuti cerebrali perfusi hanno consentito di valutare le popolazioni neuronali dopaminergiche (TH+) e GABAergiche (PV+) attivate (c-Fos+) nelle aree VTA e PFC, fornendo ulteriori indicazioni sui circuiti coinvolti.
Studio preclinico sul ruolo del sistema melatoninergico come potenziale target nella psicofarmacologia della schizofrenia
ZULIANI, ANGELICA MARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe, complex, and chronic psychiatric disorder that disrupts social, occupational, and individual functioning and impairs the quality of life of patients. Symptoms of schizophrenia can be divided into three distinct categories: positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, hyperactivity, stereotypies), negative symptoms (social withdrawal, anhedonia, alogia and avolition), and cognitive impairments (attentional, memory and executive function deficits). While current antipsychotics primarily address positive symptoms and are often associated with severe side effects, treatments remain ineffective for negative and especially cognitive domains. Disruption in circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles have been consistently observed in individuals with SCZ and are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to cognitive and affective deficits. Melatonin (MLT) is an important endogenous modulator of circadian rhythms which mostly acts interacting with G-protein coupled receptor named MT1 and MT2, that are located in specific brain areas involved in sleep-wake cycle, regulation of emotions and behavior. However, their possible selective role in the pathophysiology and psychopharmacology of SCZ is still to be determined. N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor hypofunction has been recognized as one of the major causes of SCZ. Based on this knowledge, this study aimed to investigate the implication of the melatonergic system in the context of SCZ and investigate whether MT2 receptors can be considered a potential therapeutic target for the disorder. MK-801 (Dizocilpine), a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, was used to induce SCZ-like symptoms in mice. Behavioural experiments to investigate the role of the MLT system in MLT-proficient (C3H genetic background) and MLT-deficient (C57BL6 genetic background) were performed, and electrophysiological recordings of local field potentials were observed in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during the T-maze task to evaluate oscillatory dynamics and coherence in the 0–40 Hz range. Subsequently the pharmacological effects of a selective MLT MT2 receptor partial agonist, UCM924, was evaluated in the MK-081 model of SCZ to investigate whether it was able to reverse positive-like (hyperlocomotion) and negative-like (sociability) symptoms as well as cognitive dysfunction. Finally, immunofluorescence analyses were carried out on perfused brain tissue to assess TH+ and PV+ neuronal populations co-expressing c-Fos in VTA and PFC areas, as markers of dopaminergic and GABAergic activation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Zuliani_Angelica_Maria.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
3.97 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.97 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102638