Leather is not just a material. It reflects deeper economic, social, and cultural transformations in postwar France, shaped by the modernization of agriculture, the restructuring of industry, and changing patterns of consumption. Sourced from slaughterhouses and tied to livestock production, leather reveals the evolving relationship between humans, animals, and industrial production. It carries within it a network of trades and territories, marked by technical expertise, regional specialization, and long histories. From the small artisan workshop to the industrial tannery, from working-class shoes to luxury handbags, leather moves through every layer of society. But the material is no longer unchallenged. From the 1970s onwards, it comes under increasing scrutiny. Environmental concerns, anti-speciesist activism, animal welfare campaigns, and shifting consumer ethics raise questions about how it is sourced, how it is made, and who it benefits. Leather becomes a contested object, both prized and politicized. It still circulates in the world of fashion, sport, and prestige, but its legitimacy is no longer taken for granted. The industry responds by promoting transparency, sustainability, and circularity, presenting leather not as exploitation, but as recycling—a by-product of meat rather than its purpose. Caught between decline and reinvention, leather becomes a marker of broader tensions: between tradition and innovation, between local production and global trade, between industrial heritage and ethical consumption. What was once a symbol of mastery over nature becomes a site of negotiation, where materials, practices, and values collide.
Le cuir, matière d’apparence immuable, traverse la seconde moitié du XXe siècle en France au rythme de profonds bouleversements économiques, techniques, sociaux et symboliques. D’un produit artisanal issu de réseaux anciens, il devient un objet industriel, encadré, standardisé, puis remis en cause. L’élevage s’intensifie sous l’effet des politiques agricoles ; les abattoirs se modernisent et se rationalisent. Le cuir en hérite directement, puisque les peaux sont des sous-produits. Mais l’ensemble de la filière se trouve rapidement confrontée à une série de crises : désindustrialisation, concurrence internationale, montée des matériaux synthétiques, transformation des goûts. L’artisanat se replie, les bassins historiques déclinent, les petites entreprises ferment, les grandes délocalisent. Parallèlement, les usages du cuir se diversifient et se recomposent. Matière de prestige dans la chaussure, le vêtement ou l’ameublement, il devient un symbole de force, de sexualité, de subversion, jusqu’à incarner certains courants contestataires. Mais il cristallise aussi des tensions nouvelles. Les critiques envers l’exploitation animale, longtemps marginales, s’ancrent dans des mouvements structurés – véganisme, bien-être animal, antispécisme – qui contribuent à redéfinir les normes de consommation. Le cuir devient matière polémique. Face à ces enjeux, la filière répond par des stratégies de moralisation : valorisation du recyclage, durabilité, traçabilité, retour au végétal, défense du luxe et du savoir-faire. Le cuir, naguère simple matière transformée, devient ainsi le lieu d’un affrontement plus large entre production, consommation, éthique et environnement.
Le cuir en France dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle
IBLED, JEANNE MARIE FRANCE
2024/2025
Abstract
Leather is not just a material. It reflects deeper economic, social, and cultural transformations in postwar France, shaped by the modernization of agriculture, the restructuring of industry, and changing patterns of consumption. Sourced from slaughterhouses and tied to livestock production, leather reveals the evolving relationship between humans, animals, and industrial production. It carries within it a network of trades and territories, marked by technical expertise, regional specialization, and long histories. From the small artisan workshop to the industrial tannery, from working-class shoes to luxury handbags, leather moves through every layer of society. But the material is no longer unchallenged. From the 1970s onwards, it comes under increasing scrutiny. Environmental concerns, anti-speciesist activism, animal welfare campaigns, and shifting consumer ethics raise questions about how it is sourced, how it is made, and who it benefits. Leather becomes a contested object, both prized and politicized. It still circulates in the world of fashion, sport, and prestige, but its legitimacy is no longer taken for granted. The industry responds by promoting transparency, sustainability, and circularity, presenting leather not as exploitation, but as recycling—a by-product of meat rather than its purpose. Caught between decline and reinvention, leather becomes a marker of broader tensions: between tradition and innovation, between local production and global trade, between industrial heritage and ethical consumption. What was once a symbol of mastery over nature becomes a site of negotiation, where materials, practices, and values collide.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Descrizione: Le cuir en France dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102778