Systemic autoimmune diseases in pediatric age represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by multisystem involvement and often insidious onset. In many cases, the oral cavity represents a site of early or concomitant manifestations, which may precede the appearance of more evident systemic signs and contribute to diagnostic suspicion. The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a review of the literature, the main oral manifestations associated with systemic autoimmune diseases in pediatric patients, highlighting their clinical variability, degree of specificity, and potential role in early diagnosis. A further objective is to provide a practical synthesis tool useful for the clinical practice of the pediatric dentist. A narrative review of the scientific literature regarding oral manifestations of the main pediatric autoimmune diseases was conducted, including endocrinological, gastroenterological, rheumatological, dermatological, and hematological conditions. The data were analyzed and reorganized into a summary table correlating individual oral manifestations with the corresponding diseases. The review shows that oral manifestations associated with pediatric autoimmune diseases are numerous and often nonspecific. Oral manifestations represent a clinically relevant aspect of systemic autoimmune diseases in pediatric age and may constitute an important warning sign for early diagnosis. The role of the pediatric dentist is therefore fundamental, as is a careful evaluation of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity during the first visit and follow-up examinations. A multidisciplinary approach and cooperation among dentists, pediatricians, and other specialists are necessary in order to identify systemic diseases early and thus reduce their impact on patients’ quality of life.
Le patologie autoimmuni sistemiche in età pediatrica costituiscono un gruppo eterogeneo di malattie caratterizzate da un coinvolgimento multisistemico e da un esordio spesso insidioso. In numerosi casi, il cavo orale rappresenta una sede di manifestazioni precoci o concomitanti, che possono precedere la comparsa dei segni sistemici più evidenti e contribuire al sospetto diagnostico. L’obiettivo della presente tesi è analizzare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura, le principali manifestazioni orali associate alle patologie autoimmuni sistemiche in età pediatrica, evidenziandone la variabilità clinica, il grado di specificità e il potenziale ruolo nella diagnosi precoce. Un ulteriore obiettivo è fornire uno strumento di sintesi utile alla pratica clinica dell’odontoiatra pediatrico. È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura scientifica relativa alle manifestazioni orali delle principali patologie autoimmuni pediatriche, includendo malattie endocrinologiche, gastroenterologiche, reumatologiche, dermatologiche ed ematologiche. I dati sono stati analizzati e riorganizzati in una tabella riassuntiva che correla le singole manifestazioni orali alle patologie di riferimento. Dalla revisione emerge che le manifestazioni orali associate alle patologie autoimmuni pediatriche sono numerose e spesso aspecifiche. Le manifestazioni orali rappresentano un aspetto clinico rilevante delle patologie autoimmuni sistemiche in età pediatrica e possono costituire un importante segnale di allarme per la diagnosi precoce. La figura dell’odontoiatra pediatrico risulta quindi fondamentale così come una valutazione attenta dei tessuti duri e molli del cavo orale in prima visita e durante i controlli. L’approccio multidisciplinare e la cooperazione tra odontoiatra, pediatra e altri specialisti sono necessari al fine di individuare precocemente patologie sistemiche e quindi ridurre l’impatto sulla qualità di vita dei pazienti.
Manifestazioni orali di patologie autoimmuni sistemiche in pazienti pediatrici: revisione della letteratura
D'AMICO, MARGHERITA
2023/2024
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases in pediatric age represent a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by multisystem involvement and often insidious onset. In many cases, the oral cavity represents a site of early or concomitant manifestations, which may precede the appearance of more evident systemic signs and contribute to diagnostic suspicion. The aim of this thesis is to analyze, through a review of the literature, the main oral manifestations associated with systemic autoimmune diseases in pediatric patients, highlighting their clinical variability, degree of specificity, and potential role in early diagnosis. A further objective is to provide a practical synthesis tool useful for the clinical practice of the pediatric dentist. A narrative review of the scientific literature regarding oral manifestations of the main pediatric autoimmune diseases was conducted, including endocrinological, gastroenterological, rheumatological, dermatological, and hematological conditions. The data were analyzed and reorganized into a summary table correlating individual oral manifestations with the corresponding diseases. The review shows that oral manifestations associated with pediatric autoimmune diseases are numerous and often nonspecific. Oral manifestations represent a clinically relevant aspect of systemic autoimmune diseases in pediatric age and may constitute an important warning sign for early diagnosis. The role of the pediatric dentist is therefore fundamental, as is a careful evaluation of the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity during the first visit and follow-up examinations. A multidisciplinary approach and cooperation among dentists, pediatricians, and other specialists are necessary in order to identify systemic diseases early and thus reduce their impact on patients’ quality of life.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103176