INTRODUCTION Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in calcified peripheral arterial disease. This study aims to evaluate the short- and mid-term performance of the Shockwave peripheral intravascular lithotripsy system (Shockwave Medical, Santa Clara, CA) for the treatment of calcified lesions of the femoropopliteal arteries. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective study collecting data from patients with calcified lesions of the femoropopliteal arteries treated with the Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy device from June 2023 to October 2025. Patient follow-up was performed through clinical assessment and imaging (EVUS). Technical success, mortality, and the absence of intra- and post-procedural complications were evaluated as early outcomes; freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), primary patency and assisted primary patency, secondary patency, and amputation-free survival were evaluated as late outcomes. Independent predictive factors for IVL procedural outcomes and primary patency were also examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Data from 48 patients and 63 lesions were analyzed. Most patients presented with critical ischemia (n = 38, 79.1%). The mean lesion length was 106.8 ± 44.5 with 31/63 (49.2%) occlusions. The mean % stenosis for the superficial femoral artery (SFA) was 92 ± 9.5% and for the popliteal artery (PA) was 92.6 ± 8.5%. At final evaluation, the % residual stenosis had significantly reduced to 22 ± 9.8% for the SFA and 25.8 ± 11.4% for the PA (p <.001). Technical success was 92% with 1 (1.6%) lesion undergoing dissection, 2 (3.2%) recoil and 1 (1.6%) distal embolization during surgery. Primary patency as well as freedom from TLR was 91.5% at 12 months, 87.7% at 24 months and 75.2% at 30 months; primary assisted patency was 95.1% at 12 months, 91.4% at 24 months and 78.4% at 30 months; secondary patency was 96.5% at 12 months, 24 months and 30 months; amputation-free survival was 95.5% at 12, 24, and 30 months. Rutherford category showed a statistically significant improvement at 30 days (Z = -5.8, p = <.001) as did the ABI index (t = 3.42, p = <.001). Chronic occlusion (OR=0.030) and balloon diameter/diameter of reference vessel ratio ≥ 1 (OR=18.873) were found to be independent predictors for stenosis ≤ 30% post IVL in multivariate analysis while popliteal artery involvement (OR= 8.615) was the only predictor of primary patency loss. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of patients, the use of IVL for the treatment of calcified femoropopliteal lesions was confirmed to be associated with promising results at 12 and 24 months with an excellent safety and efficacy profile in complex calcified lesions of peripheral vascular districts.
INTRODUZIONE La litotrissia intravascolare (IVL) ha dimostrato risultati promettenti di sicurezza ed efficacia nella malattia arteriosa periferica calcifica. Questo studio si propone di valutare a breve e medio termine le prestazioni del sistema di litotrissia intravascolare periferica Shockwave (Shockwave Medical, Santa Clara, CA) per il trattamento di lesioni calcifiche del distretto femoropopliteo. MATERIALI E METODI Questo è uno studio retrospettivo multicentrico che raccoglie i dati dei pazienti con lesioni calcifiche del distretto femoropopliteo trattati mediante dispositivo di litotrissia intravascolare Shockwave da Giugno 2023 ad Ottobre 2025. Il follow up dei pazienti è stato eseguito mediante valutazione clinica ed imaging (EVUS). Sono stati valutati il successo tecnico, la mortalità e l’assenza di complicanze intra e post procedurali come risultati precoci; la libertà da rivascolarizzazioni di lesioni target (TLR), la pervietà primaria e primaria assistita, la pervietà secondaria e la sopravvivenza libera da amputazione come risultati tardivi. Sono stati inoltre esaminati mediante analisi univariata e multivariata i fattori predittivi indipendenti per i risultati procedurali dell’IVL e la pervietà primaria. RISULTATI Sono stati analizzati i dati di 48 pazienti e 63 lesioni. La maggior parte dei pazienti si presentava con ischemia critica (n=38, 79.1%). La lunghezza media delle lesioni era di 106.8 ± 44.5 con 31/63 (49.2%) occlusioni. La % di stenosi media per l’arteria femorale superficiale (AFS) era di 92 ± 9.5 % e per l’arteria poplitea (AP) di 92.6 ± 8.5 %. Alla valutazione finale la % di stenosi residua si era ridotta significativamente a 22 ± 9.8 % per l’AFS e a 25.8 ± 11.4 % per l’AP (p<.001). Il successo tecnico è stato del 92% con 1(1.6%) lesione andata incontro a dissezione, 2(3.2%) a recoil ed 1(1.6%) ad embolizzazione distale durante l’intervento. La pervità primaria come la libertà da TLR è stata del 91.5% a 12 mesi, dell’87.7% a 24 mesi e del 75.2% a 30 mesi; la pervietà primaria assistita del 95.1% a 12 mesi, del 91.4% a 24 mesi e del 78.4% a 30 mesi; la pervietà secondaria del 96.5% a 12 mesi, 24 mesi e 30 mesi; la sopravvivenza libera da amputazione è stata del 95.5% a 12, 24 e 30 mesi. La categoria di Rutherford ha avuto un miglioramento statisticamente significativo a 30 giorni (Z= -5.8, p= <.001) come l’indice ABI (t=3,42, p=<.001). L’occlusione cronica (OR=0.030) e il rapporto tra diametro del pallone e diametro del vaso di riferimento (RVD) ≥ 1 (OR=18.873) sono stati riscontrati fattori predittivi indipendenti per una stenosi ≤ 30% post IVL nell’analisi multivariata mentre il coinvolgimento dell’arteria poplitea (OR= 8.615) è stato l’unico fattore predittivo di perdita di pervietà primaria. CONCLUSIONI In questo campione di pazienti l’utilizzo della litotrissa intravascolare per il trattamento delle lesioni calcifiche femoropoplitee si è confermato essere associato a risultati promettenti a 12 e 24 mesi con un ottimo profilo di sicurezza ed efficacia in lesioni calcifiche complesse in distretti vascolari periferici.
Sistema di litotrissia intravascolare periferica Shockwave per il trattamento di lesioni calcifiche delle arterie del distretto femoropopliteo
ZANETTI, ELISA
2023/2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has demonstrated promising safety and efficacy results in calcified peripheral arterial disease. This study aims to evaluate the short- and mid-term performance of the Shockwave peripheral intravascular lithotripsy system (Shockwave Medical, Santa Clara, CA) for the treatment of calcified lesions of the femoropopliteal arteries. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective study collecting data from patients with calcified lesions of the femoropopliteal arteries treated with the Shockwave intravascular lithotripsy device from June 2023 to October 2025. Patient follow-up was performed through clinical assessment and imaging (EVUS). Technical success, mortality, and the absence of intra- and post-procedural complications were evaluated as early outcomes; freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), primary patency and assisted primary patency, secondary patency, and amputation-free survival were evaluated as late outcomes. Independent predictive factors for IVL procedural outcomes and primary patency were also examined by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Data from 48 patients and 63 lesions were analyzed. Most patients presented with critical ischemia (n = 38, 79.1%). The mean lesion length was 106.8 ± 44.5 with 31/63 (49.2%) occlusions. The mean % stenosis for the superficial femoral artery (SFA) was 92 ± 9.5% and for the popliteal artery (PA) was 92.6 ± 8.5%. At final evaluation, the % residual stenosis had significantly reduced to 22 ± 9.8% for the SFA and 25.8 ± 11.4% for the PA (p <.001). Technical success was 92% with 1 (1.6%) lesion undergoing dissection, 2 (3.2%) recoil and 1 (1.6%) distal embolization during surgery. Primary patency as well as freedom from TLR was 91.5% at 12 months, 87.7% at 24 months and 75.2% at 30 months; primary assisted patency was 95.1% at 12 months, 91.4% at 24 months and 78.4% at 30 months; secondary patency was 96.5% at 12 months, 24 months and 30 months; amputation-free survival was 95.5% at 12, 24, and 30 months. Rutherford category showed a statistically significant improvement at 30 days (Z = -5.8, p = <.001) as did the ABI index (t = 3.42, p = <.001). Chronic occlusion (OR=0.030) and balloon diameter/diameter of reference vessel ratio ≥ 1 (OR=18.873) were found to be independent predictors for stenosis ≤ 30% post IVL in multivariate analysis while popliteal artery involvement (OR= 8.615) was the only predictor of primary patency loss. CONCLUSIONS In this sample of patients, the use of IVL for the treatment of calcified femoropopliteal lesions was confirmed to be associated with promising results at 12 and 24 months with an excellent safety and efficacy profile in complex calcified lesions of peripheral vascular districts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103329