INTRODUCTION This study provides a retrospective assessment of surgical outcomes associated with pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of degenerative, traumatic, oncological or malformations (scoliosis) spine disease in patients who underwent posterior surgical intervention of thoracolumbosacral pelvic fixation. AIMS Evaluate outcomes and complications related to spinal instrumentaion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 310 consecutive patients with degenerative, malformative, traumatic or oncological spine disease were treated at Azienda Ospedale – Università Padova (Vertebral Surgey Department) over a ten-year period from 2015 to 2025. Inclusion criteria were every patient admitted to the hospital with indication to spinal arthrodesis with a pedicle anatomy (based on a preoperative imaging studies) that could accommodate surgical stabilization with lumbosacral, thoracolumbosacral, lumbopelvic or thoracolumbopelvic fixation. Each patient was followed with clinical and imaging evaluation before discharge and at 1,3,6,12 months postoperative complications requiring further surgery were consider major. RESULTS In this series, 310 patients underwent pedicle screw fixation with connecting rods. Decompression was performed in all patients except eightyseven (223 lombosacral fixations and 26 to the ileum). Postoperatively, pain and paresthesia either resolved or significantly improved in all patients (over a broad time window ranging from 3 months to 1 year postoperatively), eleven patients remained asymptomatic, including at the 5-year follow-up. 18 patients (18/257; 7,0%) had mechanical complications of lumbosacral instrumentation (rod breakage, screw breakage, and particularly sacral screw loosening). Regarding iliac fixation, only eight patients (8/53; 15%) developed mechanical complications; No vascular injuries were observed. 4 cases of postoperative infections were observed. Lenght of instrumentation, quality of bone and age at surgery were factors statistically associated with increase risk of loosening or breakage. CONCLUSION: Pedicle screw fixation promotes spinal fusion and is associated with a relatively low rate of complications. However, its application can be technically challenging, requiring a thorough understanding of spinal anatomy and the fundamental principles of pedicle screw insertion to ensure safe and accurate placement. Based on ten years of surgical practice, we can infer that spino iliac fixations provides greater mechanical stability than lumbosacral fixations, but with a higher risk of mechanical complications being more invasive.
Introduzione: Questo studio fornisce una valutazione retrospettiva degli esiti chirurgici associati alla fissazione con viti peduncolari nel trattamento di patologie spinali di tipo degenerativo, traumatico, oncologico o malformativo (come la scoliosi), in pazienti sottoposti a intervento chirurgico posteriore di fissazione toracolombosacropelvica. OBIETTIVI Valutare gli esiti e le complicanze correlate alla strumentazione spinale. MATERIALI E METODI Un totale di 310 pazienti consecutivi affetti da patologie spinali degenerative, malformative, traumatiche o oncologiche sono stati trattati presso l’Azienda Ospedale – Università di Padova (Dipartimento di Chirurgia Vertebrale) in un periodo di dieci anni, dal 2015 al 2025. I criteri di inclusione comprendevano tutti i pazienti ricoverati con indicazione all’artrodesi spinale e anatomia peduncolare idonea (valutata mediante imaging preoperatorio) alla stabilizzazione chirurgica tramite fissazione lombosacrale, toracolombosacrale, lombopelvica o toracolombopelvica. Ogni paziente è stato seguito con valutazioni cliniche e radiologiche prima della dimissione e a 1, 3, 6 e 12 mesi dall’intervento. Le complicanze postoperatorie che hanno richiesto un ulteriore intervento chirurgico sono state considerate maggiori. RISULTATI In questa serie, 310 pazienti sono stati sottoposti a fissazione con viti peduncolari e barre di connessione. La decompressione è stata eseguita in tutti i casi tranne che in 87 (223 fissazioni lombosacrali e 26 estese all’ileo). Nel periodo postoperatorio, dolore e parestesie si sono risolti o si sono significativamente ridotti nella quasi totalità dei pazienti, in un intervallo compreso tra 3 mesi e 1 anno. Undici pazienti sono rimasti completamente asintomatici fino al follow-up a 5 anni. Diciotto pazienti (18/257; 7,0%) hanno sviluppato complicanze meccaniche della strumentazione lombosacrale (rottura di barre, rottura di viti o, più frequentemente, allentamento delle viti sacrali). Per quanto riguarda le fissazioni iliache, solo otto pazienti (8/53; 15%) hanno sviluppato complicanze meccaniche. Non sono state osservate lesioni vascolari e si sono verificati quattro casi di infezione postoperatoria La lunghezza della strumentazione, la qualità ossea e l’età al momento dell’intervento sono risultate variabili statisticamente associate a un maggiore rischio di allentamento o rottura. CONCLUSIONI La fissazione con viti peduncolari favorisce la fusione spinale ed è associata a un tasso di complicanze relativamente basso. Tuttavia, la procedura è tecnicamente impegnativa e richiede una conoscenza approfondita dell’anatomia spinale e dei principi fondamentali di inserimento delle viti, al fine di garantire un posizionamento sicuro e accurato. Sulla base di dieci anni di esperienza chirurgica, si può dedurre che le fissazioni spino-iliache offrano una maggiore stabilità meccanica rispetto a quelle lombosacrali, pur presentando un rischio più elevato di complicanze meccaniche e una maggiore invasività chirurgica.
Strategies and outcomes in lumbosacral pelvic fixation
DI RUBBO, GIUSEPPE
2023/2024
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study provides a retrospective assessment of surgical outcomes associated with pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of degenerative, traumatic, oncological or malformations (scoliosis) spine disease in patients who underwent posterior surgical intervention of thoracolumbosacral pelvic fixation. AIMS Evaluate outcomes and complications related to spinal instrumentaion. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 310 consecutive patients with degenerative, malformative, traumatic or oncological spine disease were treated at Azienda Ospedale – Università Padova (Vertebral Surgey Department) over a ten-year period from 2015 to 2025. Inclusion criteria were every patient admitted to the hospital with indication to spinal arthrodesis with a pedicle anatomy (based on a preoperative imaging studies) that could accommodate surgical stabilization with lumbosacral, thoracolumbosacral, lumbopelvic or thoracolumbopelvic fixation. Each patient was followed with clinical and imaging evaluation before discharge and at 1,3,6,12 months postoperative complications requiring further surgery were consider major. RESULTS In this series, 310 patients underwent pedicle screw fixation with connecting rods. Decompression was performed in all patients except eightyseven (223 lombosacral fixations and 26 to the ileum). Postoperatively, pain and paresthesia either resolved or significantly improved in all patients (over a broad time window ranging from 3 months to 1 year postoperatively), eleven patients remained asymptomatic, including at the 5-year follow-up. 18 patients (18/257; 7,0%) had mechanical complications of lumbosacral instrumentation (rod breakage, screw breakage, and particularly sacral screw loosening). Regarding iliac fixation, only eight patients (8/53; 15%) developed mechanical complications; No vascular injuries were observed. 4 cases of postoperative infections were observed. Lenght of instrumentation, quality of bone and age at surgery were factors statistically associated with increase risk of loosening or breakage. CONCLUSION: Pedicle screw fixation promotes spinal fusion and is associated with a relatively low rate of complications. However, its application can be technically challenging, requiring a thorough understanding of spinal anatomy and the fundamental principles of pedicle screw insertion to ensure safe and accurate placement. Based on ten years of surgical practice, we can infer that spino iliac fixations provides greater mechanical stability than lumbosacral fixations, but with a higher risk of mechanical complications being more invasive.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103433