Introduction: Peri-implant femoral fractures (PIFFs) are a relatively rare and likely underestimated clinical entity occurring in patients who have previously undergone surgical treatment for a femoral fracture. Their management is particularly challenging because of pre-existing alterations in bone remodelling and anatomy; therefore, no consensus has yet been reached. The aim of this study was to analyse demographic characteristics, fracture patterns, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes of PIFFs treated at the Orthopaedic Clinic of Padua. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 patients (71% female) with a mean age of 81 years who were treated at our institution between January 2009 and January 2025. Fractures were classified according to the Singapore Orthopaedic Research CollaborativE (SORCE) classification system. Results: Primary implants were intramedullary devices in 75% of cases (N) and plate-and-screw constructs in 25% (P). In 58% of patients, the initial fracture was pertrochanteric. PIFFs most commonly involved the segment adjacent to the implant (67% N1; 92% P1), while a smaller proportion occurred distal to the implant (33.4% N2; 8% P2). Overall, 67% of PIFFs occurred adjacent to a healed fracture (type A), 25% in the presence of a non-union, and 8% following fixation failure. The mean time interval between primary implant placement and PIFF treatment was 5.9 years (± 10.4 SD). The primary implant was removed in 44 cases (85%), whereas in eight patients it was retained and supplemented with an additional fixation device. No statistically significant correlation was found between the type of previous implant and fracture location; however, a higher incidence of type B and C PIFFs was observed following plate-and-screw fixation (p = 0.01). The surgical approach was also independent of the initial fixation method. At a mean follow-up of 12 months, 68% of patients had regained full functional recovery. Major complications occurred in 10 cases (19%): six required revision surgery, while three involved pulmonary complications, including one death due to aspiration pneumonia. No correlation was found between complication rate and either PIFF classification or surgical approach. Conclusions: PIFFs represent a complex and increasingly encountered complication associated with a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality in an elderly population. Despite the heterogeneity of fracture patterns and previous fixation methods, the SORCE classification proved to be a reliable framework for stratifying PIFFs and supporting surgical decision-making. Nevertheless, the high complication rate underscores the need for meticulous preoperative planning and an individualized, patient-specific surgical strategy. Further multicentre studies are warranted to refine treatment algorithms and improve clinical outcomes in this challenging fracture subset.
Introduzione: Le fratture peri-impianto del femore (Peri-Implant Femoral Fractures, PIFFs) rappresentano un’entità clinica relativamente rara e probabilmente sottostimata che insorge in pazienti già sottoposti a intervento chirurgico per il trattamento di una frattura femorale. Il loro trattamento risulta particolarmente complesso a causa delle alterazioni preesistenti in termini di rimodellamento osseo e anatomia e, pertanto, non esiste ancora un consenso univoco a riguardo. Scopo di questo studio è analizzare i dati demografici, i pattern di frattura, le strategie terapeutiche e i risultati clinici ottenuti presso la Clinica Ortopedica di Padova. Metodi: È stata condotta un’analisi retrospettiva su 52 pazienti (71% donne), con età media di 81 anni, trattati presso il nostro Centro tra gennaio 2009 e gennaio 2025. Le fratture sono state classificate secondo il sistema del Singapore Orthopaedic Research CollaborativE (SORCE). Risultati: Gli impianti primari erano endomidollari nel 75% dei casi (N) e costituiti da placca e viti nel 25% (P). Nel 58% dei pazienti la frattura primaria era di tipo pertrocanterica. Le PIFFs coinvolgevano prevalentemente la porzione adiacente all’impianto (67% N1; 92% P1), mentre una minoranza interessava la porzione distante (33,4% N2; 8% P2). Il 67% delle PIFFs si è verificato in prossimità di una frattura guarita (tipo A), il 25% in presenza di una frattura non consolidata e l’8% su una pseudoartrosi. Il tempo medio intercorso tra il posizionamento dell’impianto primario e il trattamento della PIFF è stato di 5,9 anni (± 10,4 DS). L’impianto primario è stato rimosso in 44 casi (85%), mentre in 8 pazienti è stato mantenuto e associato a un ulteriore mezzo di sintesi. Non è emersa una correlazione statisticamente significativa tra il tipo di impianto pregresso e la localizzazione della frattura; tuttavia, è stata riscontrata una maggiore frequenza di PIFFs di tipo B e C nei pazienti precedentemente trattati con placca e viti (p = 0,01). Anche l’approccio chirurgico adottato è risultato indipendente dal mezzo di sintesi iniziale. Al follow-up medio di 12 mesi, il 68% dei pazienti aveva recuperato la piena funzionalità. Complicanze maggiori si sono verificate in 10 casi (19%): sei hanno richiesto un reintervento chirurgico, mentre tre hanno interessato l’apparato respiratorio, inclusa una morte per polmonite ab ingestis. Non è stata riscontrata alcuna correlazione tra l’incidenza delle complicanze, la classificazione della PIFF o l’approccio chirurgico utilizzato. Conclusioni: Le fratture femorali peri-impianto (PIFF) rappresentano una complicanza complessa e di crescente riscontro clinico, gravata da un elevato rischio di morbilità e mortalità, soprattutto nella popolazione anziana. La variabilità dei pattern di frattura e dei dispositivi di sintesi precedentemente impiantati rende il loro trattamento particolarmente impegnativo. In questo contesto, la classificazione SORCE si è dimostrata uno strumento utile per la stratificazione delle PIFF e per l’orientamento della strategia terapeutica. Tuttavia, l’elevata incidenza di complicanze osservata evidenzia l’importanza di un’accurata pianificazione preoperatoria e di un approccio chirurgico individualizzato, basato sulle caratteristiche del paziente e della frattura. Studi futuri, preferibilmente multicentrici e con casistiche più ampie, saranno necessari per definire protocolli di trattamento più standardizzati e per migliorare gli esiti clinici di questa complessa tipologia di fratture.
Fratture perisintetiche del femore, esperienza della Clinica Ortopedica di Padova
GREGORI, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Peri-implant femoral fractures (PIFFs) are a relatively rare and likely underestimated clinical entity occurring in patients who have previously undergone surgical treatment for a femoral fracture. Their management is particularly challenging because of pre-existing alterations in bone remodelling and anatomy; therefore, no consensus has yet been reached. The aim of this study was to analyse demographic characteristics, fracture patterns, treatment strategies, and clinical outcomes of PIFFs treated at the Orthopaedic Clinic of Padua. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 52 patients (71% female) with a mean age of 81 years who were treated at our institution between January 2009 and January 2025. Fractures were classified according to the Singapore Orthopaedic Research CollaborativE (SORCE) classification system. Results: Primary implants were intramedullary devices in 75% of cases (N) and plate-and-screw constructs in 25% (P). In 58% of patients, the initial fracture was pertrochanteric. PIFFs most commonly involved the segment adjacent to the implant (67% N1; 92% P1), while a smaller proportion occurred distal to the implant (33.4% N2; 8% P2). Overall, 67% of PIFFs occurred adjacent to a healed fracture (type A), 25% in the presence of a non-union, and 8% following fixation failure. The mean time interval between primary implant placement and PIFF treatment was 5.9 years (± 10.4 SD). The primary implant was removed in 44 cases (85%), whereas in eight patients it was retained and supplemented with an additional fixation device. No statistically significant correlation was found between the type of previous implant and fracture location; however, a higher incidence of type B and C PIFFs was observed following plate-and-screw fixation (p = 0.01). The surgical approach was also independent of the initial fixation method. At a mean follow-up of 12 months, 68% of patients had regained full functional recovery. Major complications occurred in 10 cases (19%): six required revision surgery, while three involved pulmonary complications, including one death due to aspiration pneumonia. No correlation was found between complication rate and either PIFF classification or surgical approach. Conclusions: PIFFs represent a complex and increasingly encountered complication associated with a substantial risk of morbidity and mortality in an elderly population. Despite the heterogeneity of fracture patterns and previous fixation methods, the SORCE classification proved to be a reliable framework for stratifying PIFFs and supporting surgical decision-making. Nevertheless, the high complication rate underscores the need for meticulous preoperative planning and an individualized, patient-specific surgical strategy. Further multicentre studies are warranted to refine treatment algorithms and improve clinical outcomes in this challenging fracture subset.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103435