Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital craniofacial malformations and are associated with significant functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial consequences; despite extensive literature, descriptive epidemiological analyses from referral centres remain essential to characterize patient populations and patterns of care. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and organizational characteristics of patients with orofacial clefts treated at a regional paediatric referral centre over a ten-year period. A retrospective observational study was conducted including patients with a diagnosis of orofacial cleft surgically managed between January 2015 and December 2025; demographic, clinical, and surgical variables were analysed, and for a subset of patients prenatal history and the presence of associated syndromes or congenital anomalies were also evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis. A total of 367 patients were included; isolated cleft palate was the most frequent subtype (48%), followed by cleft lip and palate (27%), cleft lip (15%), and cleft lip with alveolar involvement (10%). A slight male predominance was observed overall, whereas isolated cleft palate was more frequent in females; among clefts involving the lip, left-sided defects were predominant. Most patients underwent primary surgical repair within the first six months of life. In the subgroup with available prenatal data, a positive family history for orofacial clefts was reported in a minority of cases, while exposure to prenatal factors such as maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, folic acid supplementation, and use of medically assisted reproduction techniques showed heterogeneous distribution. A substantial proportion of patients presented with associated genetic syndromes or additional congenital anomalies, most commonly involving the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. These findings are largely consistent with existing literature and reflect the specific characteristics of a high-volume referral centre, highlighting the importance of early and multidisciplinary management of patients with orofacial clefts.
Le schisi orofacciali rappresentano tra le più frequenti malformazioni congenite del distretto cranio-facciale e sono associate a importanti implicazioni funzionali, estetiche e psicosociali; nonostante l’ampia letteratura disponibile, l’analisi epidemiologica delle casistiche provenienti da centri di riferimento rimane essenziale per descrivere la distribuzione dei sottotipi e le caratteristiche cliniche dei pazienti presi in carico. Il presente studio ha l’obiettivo di descrivere le caratteristiche epidemiologiche, cliniche e organizzative dei pazienti affetti da schisi orofacciali trattati presso un centro pediatrico di riferimento regionale nell’arco di dieci anni. È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo includendo pazienti con diagnosi di schisi orofacciale gestiti chirurgicamente tra gennaio 2015 e dicembre 2025; sono state analizzate variabili demografiche, cliniche e chirurgiche e, per un sottogruppo di pazienti, anche informazioni relative all’anamnesi prenatale e alla presenza di sindromi o malformazioni associate, mediante analisi statistica descrittiva. Sono stati inclusi 367 pazienti; la tipologia di schisi più rappresentata è risultata la palatoschisi isolata (48%), seguita da labiopalatoschisi (27%), labioschisi (15%) e cheilognatoschisi (10%). Nel campione complessivo è emersa una lieve prevalenza del sesso maschile, mentre le palatoschisi isolate sono risultate più frequenti nel sesso femminile; nelle schisi con interessamento labiale è stata osservata una predominanza della lateralità sinistra. La maggior parte dei pazienti è stata sottoposta a primo intervento chirurgico entro i primi sei mesi di vita. Nel sottogruppo con dati anamnestici disponibili, una familiarità per schisi orofacciali è stata riportata in una minoranza dei casi, mentre l’esposizione a fattori prenatali quali fumo, consumo di alcol, assunzione di acido folico e ricorso a tecniche di procreazione medicalmente assistita è risultata eterogenea ma non trascurabile. Una parte rilevante della casistica presentava inoltre sindromi genetiche o malformazioni associate, in particolare a carico dell’apparato cardiovascolare e del sistema nervoso centrale. I risultati mostrano una sostanziale coerenza con quanto riportato in letteratura e riflettono le specificità di una casistica monocentrica di riferimento, sottolineando l’importanza di una presa in carico precoce e multidisciplinare dei pazienti affetti da schisi orofacciali.
CARATTERISTICHE EPIDEMIOLOGICHE DELLE SCHISI OROFACCIALI: ANALISI RETROSPETTIVA DECENNALE MONOCENTRICA"
RUGGIERO, ELENA
2023/2024
Abstract
Orofacial clefts are among the most common congenital craniofacial malformations and are associated with significant functional, aesthetic, and psychosocial consequences; despite extensive literature, descriptive epidemiological analyses from referral centres remain essential to characterize patient populations and patterns of care. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and organizational characteristics of patients with orofacial clefts treated at a regional paediatric referral centre over a ten-year period. A retrospective observational study was conducted including patients with a diagnosis of orofacial cleft surgically managed between January 2015 and December 2025; demographic, clinical, and surgical variables were analysed, and for a subset of patients prenatal history and the presence of associated syndromes or congenital anomalies were also evaluated using descriptive statistical analysis. A total of 367 patients were included; isolated cleft palate was the most frequent subtype (48%), followed by cleft lip and palate (27%), cleft lip (15%), and cleft lip with alveolar involvement (10%). A slight male predominance was observed overall, whereas isolated cleft palate was more frequent in females; among clefts involving the lip, left-sided defects were predominant. Most patients underwent primary surgical repair within the first six months of life. In the subgroup with available prenatal data, a positive family history for orofacial clefts was reported in a minority of cases, while exposure to prenatal factors such as maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, folic acid supplementation, and use of medically assisted reproduction techniques showed heterogeneous distribution. A substantial proportion of patients presented with associated genetic syndromes or additional congenital anomalies, most commonly involving the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. These findings are largely consistent with existing literature and reflect the specific characteristics of a high-volume referral centre, highlighting the importance of early and multidisciplinary management of patients with orofacial clefts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103550