Background: Vaginal reconstruction in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) associated with vaginal anomalies represents a complex challenge. Optimal surgical timing, choice of reconstructive technique, and long-term anatomical and functional outcomes remain highly debated issues. Aim: Compare outcomes and management of ARM with associated vaginal anomalies at our institution with those reported in the literature, to understand the main unresolved clinical questions. Materials and Methods: This study includes a systematic review of the literature, according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and a retrospective single-center analysis. Functional, sexual outcomes and complications were evaluated. Data from the literature were compared with those from our case series; sexually active patients completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Results: 12 patients with ARM and vaginal anomalies were included, with a median follow-up of 7 years; 6/12 had cloaca, 1/12 cloacal exstrophy, and 5/12 rectovestibular fistula. 9/12 underwent vaginal reconstruction (colon 6, ileum 2, rectum 1), performed at the same time of ARM repair in 6/9 cases. Outcomes were compared with those of 156 patients extracted from 40 studies in the literature. Colonic neovaginas showed a higher rate of adequate introitus compared with other techniques and with the literature (66.7% vs 36.8%), whereas ileal reconstructions more frequently required postoperative dilations. The proportion of sexually active patients was higher than reported in the literature (40% vs 12%), with a favorable trend for colonic neovagina; however, mucus production and mucosal prolapse were significantly more frequent in colonic reconstructions. Conclusions: Colonic neovagina provides better compliance and sexual outcomes but is associated with increased mucus production. No statistically significant differences were observed between early and delayed reconstruction, although patients operated earlier required dilations more frequently. These findings highlight the need for shared prospective studies with long-term, structured follow-up.
Background: La ricostruzione vaginale nelle pazienti affette da malformazione anorettale (MAR) e anomalie vaginali rappresenta una sfida complessa. Argomenti ancora molto dibattuti sono il timing più adatto per la correzione, la tipologia di intervento e gli outcome anatomici e funzionali nel lungo termine. Obiettivi: Confrontare gli outcome nella gestione delle MAR con anomalia vaginale del nostro Centro con quelli presenti in letteratura, nel tentativo di rispondere ai principali quesiti clinici ancora dibattuti. Materiali e Metodi: Lo studio comprende una revisione sistematica della letteratura, condotta secondo le linee guida PRISMA 2020, e un’analisi retrospettiva monocentrica. Sono stati valutati esiti funzionali, complicanze e outcome sessuali nelle pazienti con MAR sottoposte a ricostruzione vaginale. I dati della letteratura sono stati confrontati con quelli della nostra casistica; alle pazienti sessualmente attive è stato somministrato il questionario per la funzione sessuale femminile (FSFI). Risultati: Sono state incluse 12 pazienti con MAR e anomalia vaginale, con follow-up mediano di 7 anni; 6/12 presentavano cloaca, 1/12 estrofia di cloaca e 5/12 fistola retto-vestibolare. 9/12 sono state sottoposte a ricostruzione vaginale (colon 6, ileo 2, retto 1), eseguita contestualmente alla correzione della MAR in 6/9 casi. I nostri outcome sono stati confrontati con quelli di 156 pazienti estrapolate da 40 studi della letteratura. Le neovagine coliche hanno mostrato una maggiore proporzione di introito adeguato rispetto alle altre tecniche e alla letteratura (66,7% vs 36,8%), mentre le ricostruzioni ileali hanno richiesto più frequentemente dilatazioni. La percentuale di pazienti sessualmente attive è risultata superiore rispetto alla letteratura (40% vs 12%), con un trend favorevole per la neovagina colica; tuttavia, produzione di muco e prolasso mucoso sono significativamente più frequenti nelle ricostruzioni coliche. Conclusioni: La neovagina colica è vantaggiosa per compliance e attività sessuale, ma si associa a maggiori secrezioni mucose. Non vi sono differenze statisticamente significative tra intervento precoce e tardivo, sebbene sia emersa una maggior necessità di dilatazioni nelle pazienti operate precocemente. I risultati confermano la necessità di ricerche prospettiche condivise, con follow-up sistematico a lungo termine.
Ricostruzione vaginale nelle pazienti con malformazione anorettale: l'esperienza di un Centro italiano.
BISOL, MARTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Vaginal reconstruction in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM) associated with vaginal anomalies represents a complex challenge. Optimal surgical timing, choice of reconstructive technique, and long-term anatomical and functional outcomes remain highly debated issues. Aim: Compare outcomes and management of ARM with associated vaginal anomalies at our institution with those reported in the literature, to understand the main unresolved clinical questions. Materials and Methods: This study includes a systematic review of the literature, according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and a retrospective single-center analysis. Functional, sexual outcomes and complications were evaluated. Data from the literature were compared with those from our case series; sexually active patients completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire. Results: 12 patients with ARM and vaginal anomalies were included, with a median follow-up of 7 years; 6/12 had cloaca, 1/12 cloacal exstrophy, and 5/12 rectovestibular fistula. 9/12 underwent vaginal reconstruction (colon 6, ileum 2, rectum 1), performed at the same time of ARM repair in 6/9 cases. Outcomes were compared with those of 156 patients extracted from 40 studies in the literature. Colonic neovaginas showed a higher rate of adequate introitus compared with other techniques and with the literature (66.7% vs 36.8%), whereas ileal reconstructions more frequently required postoperative dilations. The proportion of sexually active patients was higher than reported in the literature (40% vs 12%), with a favorable trend for colonic neovagina; however, mucus production and mucosal prolapse were significantly more frequent in colonic reconstructions. Conclusions: Colonic neovagina provides better compliance and sexual outcomes but is associated with increased mucus production. No statistically significant differences were observed between early and delayed reconstruction, although patients operated earlier required dilations more frequently. These findings highlight the need for shared prospective studies with long-term, structured follow-up.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103555