Background Surgical treatment of endometriosis may adversely affect ovarian reserve; however, the extent to which Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) varies according to surgical management across different endometriosis phenotypes remains poorly understood. Objective To evaluate medium-term changes in serum AMH levels after surgical treatment for endometriosis according to disease phenotype. Methods This ambispective longitudinal observational study included 117 women aged 18–42 years who underwent laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis between December 2024 and June 2025. Patients were stratified into three groups based on surgical phenotype: superficial endometriosis (Group 1), ovarian + deep infiltrating endometriosis (Group 2), and deep infiltrating endometriosis without ovarian involvement (Group 3). To limit bias due to hormonal exposure, each group was further subdivided into women maintaining stable combined estrogen–progestin therapy or no therapy before and after surgery (“stable/no therapy”) and women who changed therapy status (“discontinued/initiated”). Pre- and postoperative AMH values were compared within each subgroup using paired-samples t-tests. Results A total of 117 women were included (Group 1: n=29; Group 2: n=49; Group 3: n=39). In Group 1, AMH did not significantly change after surgery in either the stable/no therapy subgroup (3.77±3.18 vs 3.65±2.99 ng/mL; p=0.810) or the discontinued/initiated subgroup (2.89±1.55 vs 2.97±1.48 ng/mL; p=0.899). In Group 2, AMH significantly declined in the stable/no therapy subgroup (2.92±2.10 vs 1.01±1.05 ng/mL; mean change −1.91; p<0.001), whereas the decrease in the discontinued/initiated subgroup did not reach statistical significance (3.87±5.71 vs 1.54±1.45 ng/mL; p=0.077). In Group 3, AMH decreased significantly in both the stable/no therapy subgroup (2.54±1.89 vs 1.57±1.44 ng/mL; mean change −0.97; p<0.001) and the discontinued/initiated subgroup (3.22±3.15 vs 1.92±1.63 ng/mL; p=0.038). Conclusions The effect of endometriosis surgery on ovarian reserve varies according to disease phenotype. Ovarian reserve appears preserved after surgery for superficial peritoneal endometriosis, whereas significant AMH reductions occur in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis, particularly when ovarian involvement is present. These findings support the need for phenotype-based counseling and fertility-preserving strategies in women undergoing surgical treatment for endometriosis.
Background Il trattamento chirurgico dell’endometriosi può influire negativamente sulla riserva ovarica; tuttavia, l’entità con cui l’ormone anti-Mülleriano (AMH) varia in relazione alla gestione chirurgica nei diversi fenotipi di endometriosi è ancora poco conosciuta. Obiettivo Valutare le variazioni a medio termine dei livelli sierici di AMH dopo trattamento chirurgico dell’endometriosi in base al fenotipo di malattia. Metodi Questo studio osservazionale longitudinale ambispetttivo ha incluso 117 donne di età compresa tra 18 e 42 anni sottoposte a chirurgia laparoscopica per endometriosi tra dicembre 2024 e giugno 2025. Le pazienti sono state stratificate in tre gruppi in base al fenotipo chirurgico: endometriosi superficiale (Gruppo 1), endometriosi ovarica + endometriosi infiltrante profonda (Gruppo 2) ed endometriosi infiltrante profonda senza coinvolgimento ovarico (Gruppo 3). Per limitare il bias dovuto all’esposizione ormonale, ciascun gruppo è stato ulteriormente suddiviso in donne con terapia estro-progestinica stabile o senza terapia prima e dopo l’intervento (“stabile/senza terapia”) e donne che hanno modificato lo stato terapeutico (“sospesa/iniziata”). I valori di AMH pre- e post-operatori sono stati confrontati all’interno di ciascun sottogruppo mediante t-test per campioni appaiati. Risultati Sono state incluse 117 donne (Gruppo 1: n=29; Gruppo 2: n=49; Gruppo 3: n=39). Nel Gruppo 1 l’AMH non ha mostrato variazioni significative dopo l’intervento né nel sottogruppo stabile/senza terapia (3,77±3,18 vs 3,65±2,99 ng/mL; p=0,810) né nel sottogruppo sospesa/iniziata (2,89±1,55 vs 2,97±1,48 ng/mL; p=0,899). Nel Gruppo 2 l’AMH si è ridotto significativamente nel sottogruppo stabile/senza terapia (2,92±2,10 vs 1,01±1,05 ng/mL; variazione media −1,91; p<0,001), mentre la riduzione nel sottogruppo sospesa/iniziata non ha raggiunto la significatività statistica (3,87±5,71 vs 1,54±1,45 ng/mL; p=0,077). Nel Gruppo 3 l’AMH è diminuito significativamente sia nel sottogruppo stabile/senza terapia (2,54±1,89 vs 1,57±1,44 ng/mL; variazione media −0,97; p<0,001) sia nel sottogruppo sospesa/iniziata (3,22±3,15 vs 1,92±1,63 ng/mL; p=0,038). Conclusioni L’effetto della chirurgia dell’endometriosi sulla riserva ovarica varia in base al fenotipo di malattia. La riserva ovarica sembra preservata dopo chirurgia per endometriosi peritoneale superficiale, mentre si osservano riduzioni significative dell’AMH nelle donne con endometriosi infiltrante profonda, in particolare in presenza di coinvolgimento ovarico. Questi risultati supportano la necessità di counselling basato sul fenotipo e di strategie di preservazione della fertilità nelle donne sottoposte a trattamento chirurgico dell’endometriosi.
Impatto della chirurgia per endometriosi sulla riserva ovarica della donna
GERU, MAURINA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background Surgical treatment of endometriosis may adversely affect ovarian reserve; however, the extent to which Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) varies according to surgical management across different endometriosis phenotypes remains poorly understood. Objective To evaluate medium-term changes in serum AMH levels after surgical treatment for endometriosis according to disease phenotype. Methods This ambispective longitudinal observational study included 117 women aged 18–42 years who underwent laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis between December 2024 and June 2025. Patients were stratified into three groups based on surgical phenotype: superficial endometriosis (Group 1), ovarian + deep infiltrating endometriosis (Group 2), and deep infiltrating endometriosis without ovarian involvement (Group 3). To limit bias due to hormonal exposure, each group was further subdivided into women maintaining stable combined estrogen–progestin therapy or no therapy before and after surgery (“stable/no therapy”) and women who changed therapy status (“discontinued/initiated”). Pre- and postoperative AMH values were compared within each subgroup using paired-samples t-tests. Results A total of 117 women were included (Group 1: n=29; Group 2: n=49; Group 3: n=39). In Group 1, AMH did not significantly change after surgery in either the stable/no therapy subgroup (3.77±3.18 vs 3.65±2.99 ng/mL; p=0.810) or the discontinued/initiated subgroup (2.89±1.55 vs 2.97±1.48 ng/mL; p=0.899). In Group 2, AMH significantly declined in the stable/no therapy subgroup (2.92±2.10 vs 1.01±1.05 ng/mL; mean change −1.91; p<0.001), whereas the decrease in the discontinued/initiated subgroup did not reach statistical significance (3.87±5.71 vs 1.54±1.45 ng/mL; p=0.077). In Group 3, AMH decreased significantly in both the stable/no therapy subgroup (2.54±1.89 vs 1.57±1.44 ng/mL; mean change −0.97; p<0.001) and the discontinued/initiated subgroup (3.22±3.15 vs 1.92±1.63 ng/mL; p=0.038). Conclusions The effect of endometriosis surgery on ovarian reserve varies according to disease phenotype. Ovarian reserve appears preserved after surgery for superficial peritoneal endometriosis, whereas significant AMH reductions occur in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis, particularly when ovarian involvement is present. These findings support the need for phenotype-based counseling and fertility-preserving strategies in women undergoing surgical treatment for endometriosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103556