The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the ultrasound sign of acoustic shadows in malignant adnexal lesions. This ultrasound feature has traditionally been considered suggestive of benignity, particularly in ovarian lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that acoustic shadows may also be observed in malignant conditions. In light of this, the present study sought to systematically investigate the frequency and patterns of presentation of acoustic shadows in malignant adnexal neoplasms, including both primary tumors and metastases, in order to redefine the diagnostic value of this ultrasound sign. Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study including data from two healthcare institutions that manage patients with suspected malignant adnexal tumors. More than 600 consecutive women were evaluated; among them, patients who underwent surgery for malignant adnexal disease (primary or metastatic) between January 2020 and February 2025 were considered. All patients had undergone a preoperative transvaginal pelvic ultrasound, optionally complemented by a transabdominal assessment, performed by an experienced ultrasound examiner, for a solid or multilocular-solid mass suspicious for malignancy. All women included in the study subsequently underwent surgery, and the definitive histological examination confirmed the presence of a malignant adnexal lesion, either primary or metastatic. Inclusion criteria required the presence of acoustic shadows identified by the examiner during the preoperative ultrasound. Results: A total of 80 women met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 56 years. All included cases consisted of solid or multilocular-solid adnexal masses, with an average lesion diameter of 102,9 mm (range: 36–197 mm). The mean CA125 level was 731.6 U/mL, with values ranging from 8 to 10,558 U/mL. Definitive histological examination documented a primary ovarian tumor in 83.8% of patients (67/80). Among these, 38.7% were high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), 16.3% other epithelial ovarian tumors, 7.5% low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOC), 7.5% germ cell tumors, 7.5% borderline ovarian tumors (BOT), 5% ovarian carcinosarcomas, and 1.2% ovarian stromal tumors. The remaining 16.3% of patients (13/80) had ovarian metastases originating from other primary tumor. Conclusions: The ultrasound sign of acoustic shadows has historically been considered a positive predictive sign of benign adnexal lesions. However, our study demonstrates that this ultrasound feature is also present in solid or multilocular-solid adnexal masses that are histologically confirmed as primary invasive or metastatic adnexal tumors. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive ultrasound evaluation that does not rely solely on individual signs such as the presence of acoustic shadows, but rather integrates multiple clinical and diagnostic ultrasound features to ensure optimal patient management and timely, appropriate treatment.
Obiettivo: L’obiettivo del presente studio è valutare la presenza del segno ecografico dei coni d’ombra nelle neoplasie annessiali maligne. Tale caratteristica ecografica è tradizionalmente considerata un reperto suggestivo di benignità, in particolare nelle neoformazioni ovariche. Tuttavia, evidenze emergenti suggeriscono che le ombre acustiche possano essere riscontrate anche in contesti di malignità. Alla luce di ciò, questo studio si propone di indagare sistematicamente la frequenza e le modalità di presentazione dei coni d’ombra nelle neoplasie annessiali maligne, includendo sia tumori primitivi sia metastasi, al fine di ridefinire il valore diagnostico di questo segno ecografico. Metodologia: Lo studio è stato condotto con disegno retrospettivo e multicentrico, includendo dati provenienti da due strutture sanitarie che hanno trattato pazienti con sospette neoplasie annessiali maligne. Sono state selezionate 600 pazienti continuative che, nel periodo compreso tra gennaio 2020 e febbraio 2025, sono state sottoposte a chirurgia per patologia annessiale maligna (primitiva e metastatica), preceduta da ecografia pelvica transvaginale eventualmente completata da valutazione transaddominale, eseguita da un ecografista esperto. I criteri di inclusione prevedevano la presenza dei coni d’ombra identificati dall’ecografista esperto all’ecografia preoperatoria. Risultati: In totale sono state arruolate 80 donne, che soddisfacevano i criteri di inclusione, con una media di età di 56 anni. Le formazioni considerate da un punto di vista morfologico erano tutte solide o multiloculari-solide, la cui dimensione media della lesione era di 102,9 mm (range: 36–197 mm). Il valore medio di CA125 era di 731,6 U/ml, con un range che andava da 8 a 10558 U/ml. L'esame istologico definitivo ha rivelato che l’83,8% delle pazienti (67 su 80) presentava un carcinoma ovarico primitivo. Di questi, il 38,7% era costituito da tumori epiteliali ovarici di alto grado (HGSOC), il 16,3% da altri tumori epiteliali dell’ovaio, il 7,5% da tumori epiteliali ovarici di basso grado (LGSOC), il 7,5% da tumori germinali, il 7,5% da tumori ovarici borderline (BOT), il 5% da carcinosarcoma ovarico e l'1,2% da tumori stromali dell’ovaio. Il 16,3% delle pazienti (13 su 80) ha mostrato la presenza di metastasi ovariche da neoplasia di altra origine. Discussione: Il segno ecografico dei coni d’ombra è stato finora considerato un segno predittivo positivo per lesioni annessiali benigne. Tuttavia, il nostro studio ha dimostrato che questo segno ecografico è presente anche in neoplasie solide o multiloculari-solide che, all'esame istologico definitivo, risultano maligne primitive o secondarie. In sintesi, questo studio sottolinea l'importanza di un'accurata valutazione ecografica, non solo basata su singoli segni come la presenza di coni d’ombra, ma in un contesto integrato di altre informazioni cliniche ed ecografiche, al fine di garantire una gestione ottimale della paziente e un trattamento tempestivo e appropriato.
Coni d’ombra nelle masse annessiali maligne, è tempo di rivalutare un segno amico?
VENDRAMIN, ELENA
2023/2024
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the ultrasound sign of acoustic shadows in malignant adnexal lesions. This ultrasound feature has traditionally been considered suggestive of benignity, particularly in ovarian lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that acoustic shadows may also be observed in malignant conditions. In light of this, the present study sought to systematically investigate the frequency and patterns of presentation of acoustic shadows in malignant adnexal neoplasms, including both primary tumors and metastases, in order to redefine the diagnostic value of this ultrasound sign. Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter study including data from two healthcare institutions that manage patients with suspected malignant adnexal tumors. More than 600 consecutive women were evaluated; among them, patients who underwent surgery for malignant adnexal disease (primary or metastatic) between January 2020 and February 2025 were considered. All patients had undergone a preoperative transvaginal pelvic ultrasound, optionally complemented by a transabdominal assessment, performed by an experienced ultrasound examiner, for a solid or multilocular-solid mass suspicious for malignancy. All women included in the study subsequently underwent surgery, and the definitive histological examination confirmed the presence of a malignant adnexal lesion, either primary or metastatic. Inclusion criteria required the presence of acoustic shadows identified by the examiner during the preoperative ultrasound. Results: A total of 80 women met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 56 years. All included cases consisted of solid or multilocular-solid adnexal masses, with an average lesion diameter of 102,9 mm (range: 36–197 mm). The mean CA125 level was 731.6 U/mL, with values ranging from 8 to 10,558 U/mL. Definitive histological examination documented a primary ovarian tumor in 83.8% of patients (67/80). Among these, 38.7% were high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), 16.3% other epithelial ovarian tumors, 7.5% low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOC), 7.5% germ cell tumors, 7.5% borderline ovarian tumors (BOT), 5% ovarian carcinosarcomas, and 1.2% ovarian stromal tumors. The remaining 16.3% of patients (13/80) had ovarian metastases originating from other primary tumor. Conclusions: The ultrasound sign of acoustic shadows has historically been considered a positive predictive sign of benign adnexal lesions. However, our study demonstrates that this ultrasound feature is also present in solid or multilocular-solid adnexal masses that are histologically confirmed as primary invasive or metastatic adnexal tumors. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive ultrasound evaluation that does not rely solely on individual signs such as the presence of acoustic shadows, but rather integrates multiple clinical and diagnostic ultrasound features to ensure optimal patient management and timely, appropriate treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103566