Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease among Caucasians and is characterized by highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The gene that causes this disease (CFTR, NM_000492.4) encodes the main chloride channel expressed in secretory epithelia and comprises 27 exons. To date, according to the latest version of the CFTR2 database (September 2024), at least 1,140 pathogenic variants are known, 13.5% of which are splicing variants. In the last year alone, 46 variants have been added, reaching the total number of splice variants classified as pathogenic to 155. Is therefore evident the importance to deep into the molecular aspects of the non-coding regions of CFTR in the presence of clinical data suggestive of disease, especially when a rare intronic variant is found in trans with a causative variant. This study examined four intronic variants (c. 1210-11delinsGTGTGTG, c.2620-22A>G, c.3874-8T>A, c.4137-2A>G) and one synonymous variant in the last codon of exon 22 (c.3717G>A), present as a second mutation in patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis or CF-related disease at the Cystic Fibrosis Center of the Verona Hospital. To date, no frequency data in the general population and no evidence of pathogenicity in the Clinvar database have been reported for the intronic variants. Furthermore, all five variants have never been characterized through functional studies. Availability of clinical data (spirometries, sweat tests, pancreatic function and recurrent respiratory infections) along with molecular results, will help to clarify the potential impact of the variants on the phenotypic nuances observed in affected patients. Materials and methods: The analysis of splice variants will be conducted using the minigene technique. Specifically, the amplicons of the exons of interest will be amplified from patient DNA present in our bio-bank and cloned first into the TA-cloning vector (Qiagen) with the NdeI and SacII restriction sites added to the primer sequences. Subsequently, after the screening of transformants, the fragment will be cut with the aforementioned restriction enzymes and directionally cloned between introns 24 and 25 of the human fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene in the pTBNde min vector (Pagani et al.). Transforming clones containing the fragment will be used to transfect the HEK293 and CFBE41o- cell lines. After approximately 24 hours, total RNA will be collected, reverse transcribed, and sequenced with specific primers by Sanger sequencing. The sequences from the mutated clones will be compared with the WT ones, which are carried out in parallel for each variant.
La fibrosi cistica è la principale malattia genetica diffusa tra le persone di razza caucasica ed è caratterizzata da una manifestazione clinica molto eterogenea. Il gene che causa questa patologia (CFTR, NM_000492.4) codifica per il principale canale del cloro espresso negli epiteli secretori e conta 27 esoni. A tutt’oggi, secondo l’ultima versione del database CFTR2 (settembre 2024), sono almeno 1140 le varianti patogenetiche note ed il 13,5% di queste è rappresentato da varianti che alterano lo splicing. Solo nell’ultimo anno ne sono state aggiunte 46, per un totale di 155 varianti di splicing classificate come patogenetiche. Risulta quindi evidente l’importanza di eseguire approfondimenti diagnostici nelle regioni non codificanti di CFTR in presenza di dati clinici suggestivi di patologia quando una variante intronica rara si trova in trans con una causativa. In questo studio si sono prese in esame 4 varianti introniche (c. 1210-11delinsGTGTGTG, c.2620-22A>G, c.3874-8T>A, c.4137-2A>G) ed una sinonima sull’ultimo codone dell’esone 22 (c.3717G>A), presenti come seconda mutazione in pazienti che hanno ricevuto diagnosi di fibrosi cistica o di forma CF-relata presso il Centro Fibrosi Cistica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera di Verona. Per le varianti introniche nessun dato di frequenza nella popolazione generale e nessuna evidenza di patogenicità nel database Clinvar sono segnalate a tutt’oggi. Tutte e 5 le varianti, inoltre, non sono mai state caratterizzate mediante studi funzionali. Di particolare rilievo è la disponibilità dei dati clinici di cui disponiamo (spirometrie, test del sudore, funzionalità pancreatica e infezioni ricorrenti a carico dell’apparato respiratorio) che aiuteranno ad elucidare, insieme ai risultati molecolari, il possibile impatto della variante rispetto alle numerose sfumature fenotipiche che si osservano nei pazienti affetti. Materiali e metodi L’analisi delle varianti splicing verrà condotta tramite la tecnica dei minigeni. In particolare gli ampliconi degli esoni di interesse verranno amplificati a partire dal DNA dei pazienti presente nella nostra biobanca e clonati in prima battuta nel vettore TA-cloning (Qiagen) con i siti di restrizione NdeI e SacII aggiunti alle sequenze dei primers. Successivamente, dopo screening dei trasformanti, il frammento verrà tagliato con gli enzimi di restrizione di cui sopra e clonato in modo direzionale tra l’introne 24 e 25 del gene umano della fibronectina 1 (FN1) nel vettore di espressione pTBNde min (Pagani et al.). I cloni trasformanti contenenti il frammento verranno impiegati per trasfettare le linee cellulari HEK293 e CFBE41o-. Dopo circa 24h l’RNA totale verrà raccolto, retrotrascritto e sequenziato con primer specifici mediante Sanger sequencing. Le sequenze provenienti dai cloni mutati verranno confrontate con quelle WT, portate avanti parallelamente per ogni variante.
Studio di nuove varianti di introniche nel gene CFTR con possibile effetto clinico
OLIOSO, DEBORA
2023/2024
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease among Caucasians and is characterized by highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations. The gene that causes this disease (CFTR, NM_000492.4) encodes the main chloride channel expressed in secretory epithelia and comprises 27 exons. To date, according to the latest version of the CFTR2 database (September 2024), at least 1,140 pathogenic variants are known, 13.5% of which are splicing variants. In the last year alone, 46 variants have been added, reaching the total number of splice variants classified as pathogenic to 155. Is therefore evident the importance to deep into the molecular aspects of the non-coding regions of CFTR in the presence of clinical data suggestive of disease, especially when a rare intronic variant is found in trans with a causative variant. This study examined four intronic variants (c. 1210-11delinsGTGTGTG, c.2620-22A>G, c.3874-8T>A, c.4137-2A>G) and one synonymous variant in the last codon of exon 22 (c.3717G>A), present as a second mutation in patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis or CF-related disease at the Cystic Fibrosis Center of the Verona Hospital. To date, no frequency data in the general population and no evidence of pathogenicity in the Clinvar database have been reported for the intronic variants. Furthermore, all five variants have never been characterized through functional studies. Availability of clinical data (spirometries, sweat tests, pancreatic function and recurrent respiratory infections) along with molecular results, will help to clarify the potential impact of the variants on the phenotypic nuances observed in affected patients. Materials and methods: The analysis of splice variants will be conducted using the minigene technique. Specifically, the amplicons of the exons of interest will be amplified from patient DNA present in our bio-bank and cloned first into the TA-cloning vector (Qiagen) with the NdeI and SacII restriction sites added to the primer sequences. Subsequently, after the screening of transformants, the fragment will be cut with the aforementioned restriction enzymes and directionally cloned between introns 24 and 25 of the human fibronectin 1 (FN1) gene in the pTBNde min vector (Pagani et al.). Transforming clones containing the fragment will be used to transfect the HEK293 and CFBE41o- cell lines. After approximately 24 hours, total RNA will be collected, reverse transcribed, and sequenced with specific primers by Sanger sequencing. The sequences from the mutated clones will be compared with the WT ones, which are carried out in parallel for each variant.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103610