The management of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Mediterranean basin represents a conflicting dualism between economic valorization drivers and biological sustainability imperatives. Although the stock recovery plans promoted by ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) have facilitated a significant population rebound, the species' high market value perpetuates structural vulnerabilities throughout the supply chain, exposing it to fraudulent practices. This study analyzes the biological and ecological prerogatives of the species in relation to the primary harvesting methods; it examines the complex regulatory framework governing food fraud and Bluefin Tuna fisheries, and further explores official control protocols and the inspectorate role of the Official Veterinarian. The core of the paper consists of a detailed examination of the most relevant frauds in the sector and their respective traditional and innovative inspection methods , with specific reference to species substitution and the illicit use of undeclared additives aimed at altering organoleptic characteristics to simulate product freshness. Furthermore, the study addresses critical issues related to IUU (Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated) fishing. In conclusion, the research highlights that only an integrated multidisciplinary approach, combining advanced diagnostic methods with documentary traceability, can guarantee high food safety standards, effectively counter fraud, and ensure the authenticity of this high-value fishery resource.
La gestione del tonno rosso (Thunnus thynnus) nel bacino del Mediterraneo rappresenta un dualismo conflittuale tra le esigenze di valorizzazione economica e gli imperativi di sostenibilità biologica. Sebbene i piani di ricostituzione degli stock promossi dall’ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) abbiano favorito un sensibile recupero delle popolazioni, il notevole valore di mercato della specie mantiene elevate le vulnerabilità strutturali lungo l'intera filiera esponendola a fenomeni fraudolenti. Il presente lavoro analizza le prerogative biologiche ed ecologiche della specie, correlandole alle principali metodiche di prelievo; esamina il complesso quadro normativo vigente riguardante le frodi alimentari e la regolamentazione della pesca del tonno rosso; approfondisce protocolli di controllo ufficiale e il ruolo ispettivo del Medico Veterinario. Il nucleo centrale dell'elaborato è costituito da una disamina delle frodi più rilevanti nel settore e dei rispettivi metodi ispettivi classici ed innovativi, con specifico riferimento alla sostituzione di specie e all’impiego illecito di additivi non dichiarati finalizzati all’alterazione delle caratteristiche organolettiche per simulare la freschezza del prodotto ed alle criticità legate alla pesca illegale, non dichiarata e non regolamentata IUU (Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing). In conclusione, la ricerca evidenzia come solo un approccio multidisciplinare integrato con le metodiche diagnostiche avanzate e la tracciabilità documentale, possa garantire elevati standard di sicurezza alimentare, contrastare efficacemente le frodi e assicurare l’autenticità di una risorsa ittica di pregio.
Vulnerabilità della filiera del tonno rosso: disamina delle frodi più rilevanti
GUARNIERI, LUISA
2024/2025
Abstract
The management of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Mediterranean basin represents a conflicting dualism between economic valorization drivers and biological sustainability imperatives. Although the stock recovery plans promoted by ICCAT (International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas) have facilitated a significant population rebound, the species' high market value perpetuates structural vulnerabilities throughout the supply chain, exposing it to fraudulent practices. This study analyzes the biological and ecological prerogatives of the species in relation to the primary harvesting methods; it examines the complex regulatory framework governing food fraud and Bluefin Tuna fisheries, and further explores official control protocols and the inspectorate role of the Official Veterinarian. The core of the paper consists of a detailed examination of the most relevant frauds in the sector and their respective traditional and innovative inspection methods , with specific reference to species substitution and the illicit use of undeclared additives aimed at altering organoleptic characteristics to simulate product freshness. Furthermore, the study addresses critical issues related to IUU (Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated) fishing. In conclusion, the research highlights that only an integrated multidisciplinary approach, combining advanced diagnostic methods with documentary traceability, can guarantee high food safety standards, effectively counter fraud, and ensure the authenticity of this high-value fishery resource.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103650