Objective: Safety and efficacy evaluation and early multicentre experience with a new sutureless technique for post-infarction ventricular septal defect (MI-VSD) closure without ventriculotomy. Methods: Retrospective multicentre observational study of MI-VSD patients treated with a sutureless sandwich technique from September 2022 to September 2025. A vessel-loop is passed into the MI-VSD, with right-angle forceps, through aortotomy and right atriotomy. Driven by the vessel loop two large semirigid hand-made composite patches are parachuted against each side of the ventricular septum and then tight together with a single central stitch. The oversized left sided patch completely covers the MI-VSD and prevents shunting due to the interventricular pressure gradient. Results: 32 patients from 20 hospital institutions of 8 different countries underwent MI-VSD closure with this innovative surgical technique. Mean age was 66,3±9,3 years. 80% had a posterobasal MI-VSD (Ø: 20±9 mm), and 73,3% presented with cardiogenic shock with the need of IABP/ECMO preoperatively. EUROSCORE II was 16.1±9.5% and urgent surgery (48h) rate was 73,3%. Mean X-clamp and CPB times (67±35min and 106±42min, respectively, in isolated MI-VSD closure) were reduced, even without experience with the technique or proctoring. Patch dimensions were intentionally oversized: left patch 43±9mm, right patch 33±7mm. Overall in-hospital mortality for all causes was 50% (16 pt.). No stroke or patches embolization were reported. Residual shunt was absent or trivial in 25, mild to moderate was present in 7 (3 late onset): 3 underwent transcatheter closure, 1 is on medical therapy and 3 died. Survived patients had lower EUROSCORE and lower CPB time, while preoperative right ventricular dysfunction and the need for postoperative ECMO appeared to be mortality risk factors. At follow-up (mean duration 10 months), 2 patients died because of malignant arrythmia and lung cancer respectively. Conclusions: The sutureless sandwich technique appears replicable, safe and effective, providing comparable short-term results to standard techniques in all types of MI-VSD. MI-VSD closure is easily obtained with no ventriculotomy. If early surgery is needed, sutureless technique can perfectly cope with frail necrotic tissue and prevents ventricular and organ failure worsening by saving time. It can be the first-line approach, and eventually can be quickly repeated or subsequently integrated with a transcatheter procedure.
Obiettivo: Valutazione della sicurezza e dell’efficacia e prima esperienza multicentrica con una nuova tecnica "sutureless" per la chiusura del difetto del setto ventricolare post-infartuale (MI-VSD) senza ventriculotomia. Metodi: Studio osservazionale retrospettivo multicentrico su pazienti con MI-VSD trattati mediante tecnica “sutureless sandwich” da settembre 2022 a settembre 2025. Un vessel-loop viene introdotto nel MI-VSD, con pinza angolata, attraverso aortotomia e atriotomia destra. Guidati dal vessel-loop, due ampi patch compositi semirigidi realizzati manualmente vengono posizionati a “paracadute” su ciascun lato del setto ventricolare e serrati insieme con un unico punto centrale. Il patch di sinistra, volutamente sovradimensionato, copre completamente il MI-VSD e previene lo shunt attraverso il gradiente pressorio interventricolare. Risultati: 32 pazienti provenienti da 20 istituzioni ospedaliere di 8 Paesi sono stati sottoposti a chiusura del MI-VSD con questa tecnica. Età media: 66,3±9,3 anni. L’80% presentava MI-VSD posterobasale (Ø: 20±9 mm) e il 73,3% era in shock cardiogeno con necessità di IABP/ECMO preoperatorio. EUROSCORE II medio: 16,1±9,5%; intervento urgente (entro 48h): 73,3%. I tempi medi di clampaggio aortico e di CEC (67±35 min e 106±42 min, rispettivamente, nella chiusura isolata di MI-VSD) sono risultati ridotti, anche senza esperienza o proctoring. I patch erano intenzionalmente sovradimensionati: patch di sinistra 43±9 mm, patch di destra 33±7 mm. Mortalità intraospedaliera complessiva per tutte le cause: 50% (16 pazienti). Non si sono verificati ictus né embolizzazioni dei patch. Shunt residuo assente o triviale in 25 pazienti; lieve-moderato in 7 (3 a insorgenza tardiva): 3 sottoposti a chiusura transcatetere, 1 in terapia medica e 3 deceduti. I pazienti sopravvissuti presentavano EUROSCORE e tempi di CEC inferiori, mentre la disfunzione ventricolare destra preoperatoria e la necessità di ECMO postoperatoria sono apparse fattori di rischio di mortalità. Al follow-up (durata media 10 mesi), 2 pazienti sono deceduti per aritmia maligna e carcinoma polmonare, rispettivamente. Conclusioni: La tecnica “sutureless sandwich” appare riproducibile, sicura ed efficace, fornendo risultati a breve termine comparabili alle tecniche standard in tutte le tipologie di MI-VSD. La chiusura del MI-VSD è ottenuta facilmente senza ventriculotomia. In caso di intervento precoce, la tecnica senza sutura si adatta perfettamente al tessuto necrotico fragile e previene il peggioramento dell’insufficienza ventricolare e d’organo grazie al risparmio di tempo. Può rappresentare l’approccio di prima scelta e, se necessario, essere rapidamente ripetuta o successivamente integrata con procedure transcatetere
La “sutureless sandwich technique”: nuova opzione senza ventricolotomia per la riparazione del difetto interventricolare post-infartuale. Tecnica chirurgica e prima esperienza multicentrica
LUCERTINI, GIOVANNI
2023/2024
Abstract
Objective: Safety and efficacy evaluation and early multicentre experience with a new sutureless technique for post-infarction ventricular septal defect (MI-VSD) closure without ventriculotomy. Methods: Retrospective multicentre observational study of MI-VSD patients treated with a sutureless sandwich technique from September 2022 to September 2025. A vessel-loop is passed into the MI-VSD, with right-angle forceps, through aortotomy and right atriotomy. Driven by the vessel loop two large semirigid hand-made composite patches are parachuted against each side of the ventricular septum and then tight together with a single central stitch. The oversized left sided patch completely covers the MI-VSD and prevents shunting due to the interventricular pressure gradient. Results: 32 patients from 20 hospital institutions of 8 different countries underwent MI-VSD closure with this innovative surgical technique. Mean age was 66,3±9,3 years. 80% had a posterobasal MI-VSD (Ø: 20±9 mm), and 73,3% presented with cardiogenic shock with the need of IABP/ECMO preoperatively. EUROSCORE II was 16.1±9.5% and urgent surgery (48h) rate was 73,3%. Mean X-clamp and CPB times (67±35min and 106±42min, respectively, in isolated MI-VSD closure) were reduced, even without experience with the technique or proctoring. Patch dimensions were intentionally oversized: left patch 43±9mm, right patch 33±7mm. Overall in-hospital mortality for all causes was 50% (16 pt.). No stroke or patches embolization were reported. Residual shunt was absent or trivial in 25, mild to moderate was present in 7 (3 late onset): 3 underwent transcatheter closure, 1 is on medical therapy and 3 died. Survived patients had lower EUROSCORE and lower CPB time, while preoperative right ventricular dysfunction and the need for postoperative ECMO appeared to be mortality risk factors. At follow-up (mean duration 10 months), 2 patients died because of malignant arrythmia and lung cancer respectively. Conclusions: The sutureless sandwich technique appears replicable, safe and effective, providing comparable short-term results to standard techniques in all types of MI-VSD. MI-VSD closure is easily obtained with no ventriculotomy. If early surgery is needed, sutureless technique can perfectly cope with frail necrotic tissue and prevents ventricular and organ failure worsening by saving time. It can be the first-line approach, and eventually can be quickly repeated or subsequently integrated with a transcatheter procedure.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103714