BACKGROUND The increasing utilization of extended criteria donors (ECD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) grafts in liver transplantation has been associated with heightened susceptibility to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and an elevated risk of early graft dysfunction. Machine perfusion, including both hypothermic (HOPE) and normothermic (NMP) modalities, constitutes a dynamic preservation strategy that attenuates IRI, enhances early graft function and enables the safe use of marginal organs, thereby expanding the donor pool and potentially improving post-transplant outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective single-centre study was conducted on 338 adult liver transplantations performed between January 2023 and September 2025. Grafts underwent preservation via HOPE (n = 193), static cold storage (SCS; n = 135), or NMP (n = 10). Comparative analyses on HOPE vs SCS was performed. Primary endpoints were early outcomes evaluated after Propensity score match analysis. In particular, 30-day graft survival, primary non function (PNF) and Early allograft dysfunction (EAD). Cost-effective analysis was performed on Transplant-related costs. RESULTS The HOPE cohort contained a higher proportion of ECD and DCD grafts. 1- and 2-year graft and patient survival did not differ between HOPE and SCS. After propensity score matching, HOPE demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in 30-day graft survival (p < 0.05). Although HOPE increase preservation costs, total transplantation expenditure remained below national DRG reimbursement. ICER was calculated at €3,169.77 per 1% increase in 30-day graft survival, with an NNT of 13 to prevent one early graft failure. CONCLUSIONS HOPE significantly enhances early graft survival without adversely affecting mid-term outcomes. Its implementation enables safe utilization of high-risk donor grafts, supporting both clinical efficacy and economic sustainability in liver transplantation.
BACKGROUND L’aumento dell’utilizzo di donatori marginali e di organi da donazione dopo morte circolatoria (DCD) nel trapianto di fegato è stato associato a una maggiore suscettibilità al danno da ischemia-riperfusione (IRI) e a un rischio più elevato di disfunzione precoce del graft. La Machine Perfusion, sia ipotermica (HOPE) che normotermica (NMP), rappresenta una strategia di preservazione dinamica che attenua l’IRI, migliorando la funzione precoce del graft e consentendo l’utilizzo di organi marginali, ampliando così il pool dei donatori e potenzialmente migliorando gli outcome post-trapianto. MATERIALI E METODI È stato condotto uno studio retrospettivo monocentrico su 338 trapianti di fegato effettuati tra gennaio 2023 e settembre 2025. I grafts sono stati preservati mediante HOPE (n = 193), SCS (n = 135) o NMP ( n = 10). Sono state effettuate analisi comparative tra il gruppo HOPE e SCS. Gli endpoint primari includono gli outcome precoci valutati mediante analisi con Propensity Score Matching; in particolare la sopravvivenza del graft a 30 giorni, la primary non function (PNF) e la disfunzione precoce del graft (EAD). È stata inoltre effettuata un’analisi di costo-efficacia sui costi correlati al trapianto. RISULTATI Il gruppo HOPE conteneva un numero significativamente maggiore di organi marginali. La sopravvivenza del graft e del paziente a 1 e 2 anni non differiva tra HOPE e SCS. Dopo il PS Matching, il gruppo HOPE ha mostrato un miglioramento statisticamente significativo della sopravvivenza del graft a 30 giorni (p < 0,05). Sebbene la Machine Perfusion aumenti i costi di preservazione dell’organo, la spesa totale per il trapianto è rimasta al di sotto dei limiti di DRG nazionali. L’ICER è stato calcolato a €3.169,77 per un incremento dell’1% nella sopravvivenza del graft a 30 giorni, con un NNT di 13. CONCLUSIONI L’utilizzo di HOPE migliora significativamente la sopravvivenza precoce del graft senza compromettere gli outcome a medio termine. La sua applicazione consente l’utilizzo sicuro di grafts marginali, supportando l’efficacia clinica e la sostenibilità economica nel trapianto di fegato.
Liver Graft Preservation Strategies in the Era of Extended Criteria Donors: Extraordinary to Standard Use of Machine Perfusion. Clinical Outcomes and Cost Analysis
ROSSO, EUGENIA
2023/2024
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing utilization of extended criteria donors (ECD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) grafts in liver transplantation has been associated with heightened susceptibility to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and an elevated risk of early graft dysfunction. Machine perfusion, including both hypothermic (HOPE) and normothermic (NMP) modalities, constitutes a dynamic preservation strategy that attenuates IRI, enhances early graft function and enables the safe use of marginal organs, thereby expanding the donor pool and potentially improving post-transplant outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective single-centre study was conducted on 338 adult liver transplantations performed between January 2023 and September 2025. Grafts underwent preservation via HOPE (n = 193), static cold storage (SCS; n = 135), or NMP (n = 10). Comparative analyses on HOPE vs SCS was performed. Primary endpoints were early outcomes evaluated after Propensity score match analysis. In particular, 30-day graft survival, primary non function (PNF) and Early allograft dysfunction (EAD). Cost-effective analysis was performed on Transplant-related costs. RESULTS The HOPE cohort contained a higher proportion of ECD and DCD grafts. 1- and 2-year graft and patient survival did not differ between HOPE and SCS. After propensity score matching, HOPE demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in 30-day graft survival (p < 0.05). Although HOPE increase preservation costs, total transplantation expenditure remained below national DRG reimbursement. ICER was calculated at €3,169.77 per 1% increase in 30-day graft survival, with an NNT of 13 to prevent one early graft failure. CONCLUSIONS HOPE significantly enhances early graft survival without adversely affecting mid-term outcomes. Its implementation enables safe utilization of high-risk donor grafts, supporting both clinical efficacy and economic sustainability in liver transplantation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103753