Background: Thoracic trauma occurs in approximately 60% of polytraumatized patients and is associated with a mortality rate of around 20%, representing the third most common cause of death in patients with major trauma, after abdominal injuries and traumatic brain injury. The high incidence of thoracic trauma highlights the need for patient stratification according to the presence of risk factors that may predict an unfavourable outcome. Aim of the study: The primary endpoint of the TRACTIONS study is to identify early predictors of orotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with blunt chest trauma. Materials and Methods: TRACTIONS is a national, multicentre, observational, prospective study involving 15 Italian hospitals. Patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the Emergency Department with blunt chest trauma, a documented thoracic injury (T-AIS ≥2), a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score >8 and no pre-hospital intubation were included. The analysis of the present study was conducted using data collected between November 2022 and November 2025. Patients were followed for up to 7 days after the traumatic event or until hospital discharge. A 12-zone lung ultrasound was performed and daily assessments of pain, administered analgesia, oxygen therapy or ventilatory support were recorded. The occurrence of adverse outcomes, including the need for orotracheal intubation, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death, was evaluated. Results: Preliminary analysis of data from the TRACTIONS study identified four variables independently and significantly associated with the need for orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt thoracic trauma: systolic blood pressure [OR 0.69 (IC 95% 0.60-0.80), p<0.001], respiratory rate [OR 2.32 (IC 95% 1.34-3.64), p<0.001], Glasgow Coma Scale score [OR 0.50 (IC 95% 0.36-0.69), p<0.001] and the number of rib fractures [OR 1.10 (IC 95% 1.01-1.19), p=0.02]. In addition, the presence of bilateral pneumothorax showed a significant association with the outcome, although characterised by wide confidence intervals [OR 3.64 (IC 95% 1.25-10.14), p=0.02], whereas chronic lung disease demonstrated a borderline significant association [OR 3.40 (IC 95% 0.89-10.47), p=0.05]. Conclusions: The results suggest that readily available clinical parameters, such as systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and Glasgow Coma Scale score, together with indicators of greater thoracic injury severity, are associated with an increased risk of orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt chest trauma. The assessment of these variables at presentation may improve early risk stratification and facilitate the identification of patients at higher risk of clinical deterioration. However, the wide confidence intervals observed for some variables and the limited size of specific subgroups indicate the need for further analyses in larger cohorts to confirm and strengthen these findings. In this context, the TRACTIONS study provides a relevant contribution to the understanding of factors associated with advanced airway management in thoracic trauma and represents a foundation for future prospective validation studies.
Presupposti allo studio: Il trauma toracico si riscontra nel 60% dei pazienti politraumatizzati, con una mortalità che si attesta attorno al 20%, rappresentando la terza causa di morte più comune nel malato vittima di trauma maggiore, dopo le lesioni addominali e il trauma cranico. L’elevata incidenza del trauma toracico rende necessaria una stratificazione dei pazienti in base alla presenza o meno di fattori di rischio che possano predire un outcome sfavorevole. Scopo dello studio: Lo studio TRACTIONS ha come obiettivo primario l’identificazione di eventuali predittori precoci di intubazione orotracheale e ventilazione meccanica invasiva in pazienti con trauma toracico chiuso. Materiali e metodi: TRACTIONS è uno studio nazionale, multicentrico, osservazionale e prospettico che coinvolge 15 centri ospedalieri italiani. Sono stati inclusi pazienti con età ≥18 anni afferenti al Dipartimento di Emergenza per trauma toracico chiuso con lesione documentabile (T-AIS≥ 2), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) >8 e non intubati sul territorio. L’analisi del presente elaborato è stata condotta utilizzando i dati dello studio raccolti tra novembre 2022 e novembre 2025. I soggetti arruolati sono stati seguiti per i 7 giorni successivi all’evento traumatico o fino alla dimissione, con esecuzione di ecografia toracica a 12 campi, valutazione giornaliera del dolore, dell’analgesia ricevuta e dei presidi di ossigenoterapia o modalità di ventilazione utilizzate, andando a considerare quindi l’eventuale insorgenza di outcome sfavorevoli quali necessità di intubazione orotracheale, sviluppo di ARDS, decesso. Risultati: L’analisi preliminare dei dati dello studio TRACTIONS ha identificato quattro variabili significativamente associate in modo indipendente alla necessità di intubazione orotracheale in pazienti con trauma toracico chiuso: pressione arteriosa sistolica [OR 0.69 (IC 95% 0.60-0.80), p<0.001], frequenza respiratoria [OR 2.32 (IC 95% 1.34-3.64), p<0.001], punteggio GCS [OR 0.50 (IC 95% 0.36-0.69), p<0.001] e numero di coste fratturate [OR 1.10 (IC 95% 1.01-1.19), p=0.02]. Inoltre, la presenza di pneumotorace bilaterale ha mostrato un’associazione significativa con l’outcome sebbene caratterizzata da un’ampia incertezza della stima [OR 3.64 (IC 95% 1.25-10.14), p=0.02], mentre la malattia polmonare cronica ha evidenziato una associazione di significatività borderline [OR 3.40 (IC 95% 0.89-10.47), p=0.05]. Conclusioni: I risultati dell’analisi suggeriscono che parametri clinici di immediata rilevazione, quali pressione arteriosa sistolica, frequenza respiratoria e GCS, insieme a indicatori di maggiore severità del trauma toracico, risultano associati a un aumentato rischio di necessità di intubazione orotracheale nei pazienti con trauma toracico chiuso. L’integrazione di tali variabili nella valutazione iniziale del paziente potrebbe contribuire a una più accurata stratificazione del rischio e a un’identificazione precoce dei soggetti a maggiore probabilità di deterioramento clinico. Tuttavia, l’ampiezza degli intervalli di confidenza osservati per alcune variabili e la limitata numerosità di specifici sottogruppi indicano la necessità di ulteriori analisi su campioni più ampi, al fine di confermare e rafforzare le evidenze emerse. In questo contesto, lo studio TRACTIONS fornisce un contributo rilevante alla comprensione dei fattori associati alla gestione avanzata delle vie aeree nel trauma toracico e rappresenta una base per futuri studi prospettici di validazione.
TRACTIONS: ThoRAciC Trauma IntubatiON risk Score for blunt trauma. Studio multicentrico osservazionale e prospettico: analisi preliminare circa predittori precoci di intubazione orotracheale e ventilazione meccanica invasiva in pazienti con trauma toracico chiuso
NOTARANGELO, DENNI
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Thoracic trauma occurs in approximately 60% of polytraumatized patients and is associated with a mortality rate of around 20%, representing the third most common cause of death in patients with major trauma, after abdominal injuries and traumatic brain injury. The high incidence of thoracic trauma highlights the need for patient stratification according to the presence of risk factors that may predict an unfavourable outcome. Aim of the study: The primary endpoint of the TRACTIONS study is to identify early predictors of orotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with blunt chest trauma. Materials and Methods: TRACTIONS is a national, multicentre, observational, prospective study involving 15 Italian hospitals. Patients aged ≥18 years presenting to the Emergency Department with blunt chest trauma, a documented thoracic injury (T-AIS ≥2), a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score >8 and no pre-hospital intubation were included. The analysis of the present study was conducted using data collected between November 2022 and November 2025. Patients were followed for up to 7 days after the traumatic event or until hospital discharge. A 12-zone lung ultrasound was performed and daily assessments of pain, administered analgesia, oxygen therapy or ventilatory support were recorded. The occurrence of adverse outcomes, including the need for orotracheal intubation, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death, was evaluated. Results: Preliminary analysis of data from the TRACTIONS study identified four variables independently and significantly associated with the need for orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt thoracic trauma: systolic blood pressure [OR 0.69 (IC 95% 0.60-0.80), p<0.001], respiratory rate [OR 2.32 (IC 95% 1.34-3.64), p<0.001], Glasgow Coma Scale score [OR 0.50 (IC 95% 0.36-0.69), p<0.001] and the number of rib fractures [OR 1.10 (IC 95% 1.01-1.19), p=0.02]. In addition, the presence of bilateral pneumothorax showed a significant association with the outcome, although characterised by wide confidence intervals [OR 3.64 (IC 95% 1.25-10.14), p=0.02], whereas chronic lung disease demonstrated a borderline significant association [OR 3.40 (IC 95% 0.89-10.47), p=0.05]. Conclusions: The results suggest that readily available clinical parameters, such as systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and Glasgow Coma Scale score, together with indicators of greater thoracic injury severity, are associated with an increased risk of orotracheal intubation in patients with blunt chest trauma. The assessment of these variables at presentation may improve early risk stratification and facilitate the identification of patients at higher risk of clinical deterioration. However, the wide confidence intervals observed for some variables and the limited size of specific subgroups indicate the need for further analyses in larger cohorts to confirm and strengthen these findings. In this context, the TRACTIONS study provides a relevant contribution to the understanding of factors associated with advanced airway management in thoracic trauma and represents a foundation for future prospective validation studies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103775