Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a frequent and severe complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, associated with 58% mortality at 30 days. The EASL guidelines for AKI management in decompensated cirrhosis recommend albumin volume expansion at 1 g/kg/day for 48 hours in patients with stage 1B AKI before assessing vasoconstrictor and albumin therapy in non-responders Rationale of the study: Recently, the 2024 ADQI-ICA consensus proposed advancing the response assessment to albumin expansion to 24 hours, thereby accelerating potential initiation of vasoconstrictor therapy. However, some studies have raised questions about the optimal therapeutic window, considering that many patients respond between 24-48 hours. The objective of this thesis was to develop new criteria for response to volume expansion at 24 hours. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis admitted to the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Padova with AKI ≥1B, who underwent diuretic suspension and albumin infusion at 1 g/kg/day. The percentage change in serum creatinine at 24 hours (Δ%sCr24h) was evaluated using ROC analysis to predict 48-hour response. Response and non-response criteria were developed using a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) ≥6 and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) = 0.2. Treatment response was defined as a reduction in AKI stage or resolution of AKI at 48 hours. Results: 387 patients were enrolled (mean age 61.6±10.7 years, mean MELD 25±7). Response to volume expansion was observed in 28% at 24 hours and 53% at 48 hours. Δ%sCr24h shows excellent discriminatory capacity, and based on likelihood ratios, three patient categories were identified: full responders (≥10%, 45% at 24h, 89% confirmed at 48h), partial responders (-10% to 0%, 25% at 24h), non-responders (any increase in serum creatinine, ≥0%, 31% at 24h with 86% confirmation at 48h). The 24-hour response was predictive of AKI resolution at the end of treatment and survival. Conclusions: The ADQI-ICA recommendation to assess albumin response at 24 hours misclassifies many patients as non-responders. The new 24-hour response criteria proposed reduce misclassification and can guide decision-making in patients with cirrhosis and AKI.
Introduzione: L’insufficienza renale acuta (AKI) rappresenta una complicanza frequente e grave nei pazienti con cirrosi scompensata, associata ad una mortalità del 58% a 30 giorni. Le linee guida EASL di gestione dell’AKI nella cirrosi scompensata raccomandano l’espansione volemica con albumina al dosaggio di 1 g/kg/die per 48 ore nei pazienti con AKI di stadio ≥ 1B, prima di valutare la terapia con vasocostrittori ed albumina nei non responders. Recentemente, la consensus ADQI-ICA del 2024 ha proposto di anticipare la valutazione della risposta all’espansione volemica a 24 ore, anticipando pertanto l’eventuale avvio di terapia con vasocostrittori: tuttavia alcuni studi hanno sollevato interrogativi sulla finestra terapeutica ottimale, considerando che molti pazienti rispondono tra 24-48 ore. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quella di sviluppare nuovi criteri di risposta all’espansione volemica a 24 ore. Materiali e metodi: si tratta di uno studio retrospettivo in pazienti con cirrosi epatica scompensata ricoverati presso l’Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Padova con AKI ≥1B, sottoposti a sospensione diuretici e infusione albumina 1 g/kg/die. È stata valutata la variazione percentuale della creatinina sierica a 24 ore (Δ%sCr24h) mediante analisi ROC per predire la risposta a 48 ore e i criteri di risposta e non risposta sono stati sviluppati utilizzando un positive likelihood ratio (LR+) ³ 6 ed un negative likelihood ratio (LR-) = 0,2. La risposta al trattamento è stata definita come una riduzione di stadio di AKI o una risoluzione dell’AKI a 48 ore. Risultati: Sono stati arruolati 387 pazienti (età media 61.6 ± 10.7, MELD medio 25 ± 7). Una risposta alla espansione volemica è stata osservata nel 28% dei pazienti a 24 ore e nel 53% a 48 ore. Il Δ%sCr24h ha mostrato eccellente capacità discriminativa, ed in base al likelihood ratio, sono state identificate tre categorie di pazienti: full responders (≥10%, 45% dei pazienti a 24h, 89% confermati a 48h), partial responders (10%<Δ<0%, 25% dei pazienti a 24h), non responders (qualsiasi aumento della creatinina sierica, Δ>0%, 31% dei pazienti a 24h con successiva conferma a 48h dell’86%). La risposta a 24 ore è risultata predittiva della risoluzione dell’AKI alla fine del trattamento e di sopravvivenza. Conclusioni: La raccomandazione ADQI/ICA di valutare la risposta all’albumina a 24 ore classifica erroneamente molti pazienti come non responder. I nuovi criteri di risposta a 24 ore proposti riducono la misclassificazione e possono guidare il processo decisionale nei pazienti con cirrosi e AKI.
Sviluppo di nuovi criteri di risposta alla somministrazione di fluidi a 24 ore in pazienti con cirrosi scompensata ed insufficienza renale acuta.
BRAGATO, MARGHERITA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a frequent and severe complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, associated with 58% mortality at 30 days. The EASL guidelines for AKI management in decompensated cirrhosis recommend albumin volume expansion at 1 g/kg/day for 48 hours in patients with stage 1B AKI before assessing vasoconstrictor and albumin therapy in non-responders Rationale of the study: Recently, the 2024 ADQI-ICA consensus proposed advancing the response assessment to albumin expansion to 24 hours, thereby accelerating potential initiation of vasoconstrictor therapy. However, some studies have raised questions about the optimal therapeutic window, considering that many patients respond between 24-48 hours. The objective of this thesis was to develop new criteria for response to volume expansion at 24 hours. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis admitted to the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Padova with AKI ≥1B, who underwent diuretic suspension and albumin infusion at 1 g/kg/day. The percentage change in serum creatinine at 24 hours (Δ%sCr24h) was evaluated using ROC analysis to predict 48-hour response. Response and non-response criteria were developed using a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) ≥6 and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) = 0.2. Treatment response was defined as a reduction in AKI stage or resolution of AKI at 48 hours. Results: 387 patients were enrolled (mean age 61.6±10.7 years, mean MELD 25±7). Response to volume expansion was observed in 28% at 24 hours and 53% at 48 hours. Δ%sCr24h shows excellent discriminatory capacity, and based on likelihood ratios, three patient categories were identified: full responders (≥10%, 45% at 24h, 89% confirmed at 48h), partial responders (-10% to 0%, 25% at 24h), non-responders (any increase in serum creatinine, ≥0%, 31% at 24h with 86% confirmation at 48h). The 24-hour response was predictive of AKI resolution at the end of treatment and survival. Conclusions: The ADQI-ICA recommendation to assess albumin response at 24 hours misclassifies many patients as non-responders. The new 24-hour response criteria proposed reduce misclassification and can guide decision-making in patients with cirrhosis and AKI.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
TESI specializzazione Bragato Margherita.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
1.12 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.12 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103857