Background and Aims: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell associated with an increased risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, sustained by a complex interplay between platelet hyperreactivity and qualitative alterations of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) system, particularly in the presence of thrombocytosis. Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used for thromboprophylaxis in MPN; however, its effect is reported to be heterogeneous in these patients, and its use requires careful assessment of the risk and benefit balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate VWF parameters and platelet function, assessed using different laboratory methods both before and during ASA therapy, in order to delineate the hemostatic profile of these patients. Methods: 29 MPN patients (23 ET, 6 PV; 10 males, 19 females; median age at diagnosis 43 years and median age at sampling 56 years) with a platelet count ≥500×10⁹/L were included. VWF antigen and functional activity (VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CBA) were assessed. Platelet function was assessed using impedance aggregometry (MEA; Multiplate) and light transmission aggregometry (LTA; CN3000). LTA was performed with ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid, ristocetin, and adrenaline, whereas MEA used TRAP, ADP, and ASPI as inducers. Both platelet function assays were performed before and during ASA therapy. Aggregation results were compared with 120 controls (60 tested using MEA, 60 using LTA, all ASA-naïve), and 38 controls including 19 receiving ASA and 19 ASA-naïve, paired for sex, age, and platelet count. Results: VWF functional activity and VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio were significantly reduced in the presence of PLTs >1000×10⁹/L (p<0.001). Spearman analysis confirmed a significant inverse correlation between platelet count and VWF parameters (p<0.001). MPN showed significantly increased baseline platelet aggregation compared with controls, as assessed by both MEA (ADP p<0.001; TRAP p=0.011; ASPI p<0.001) and LTA (ADP p=0.016; collagen p=0.001; ristocetin p<0.001). During ASA therapy, higher residual platelet aggregation was observed in MPN compared with controls when assessed by MEA-ASPI (59 vs 13, p<0.001). To compare the effect of ASA between groups, an ASA/non-ASA ratio was calculated for each agonist in MPN patients and couples of controls. The ASA/non-ASA ratio was higher in MPN than in controls for MEA-ASPI (0.5 vs 0.2, p=0.011), while no relevant differences were observed using other agonists. Conclusions: The underlying mechanisms of thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk in MPN are complex. In our study, we confirmed that VWF functional impairment in MPN is more evident in the presence of severe thrombocytosis, showing an inverse correlation with platelet count. We observed increased platelet aggregation in MPN compared with controls both before and during ASA therapy. MEA-ASPI test detected a reduced effect of ASA and higher residual aggregation in MPN. An integrated assessment of VWF parameters and platelet function tests can contribute to individualized antiplatelet therapy in patients with MPN, especially in the presence of severe thrombocytosis.
Introduzione e obiettivi: Le neoplasie mieloproliferative (MPN) sono disordini clonali della cellula staminale emopoietica associati a un aumentato rischio di complicanze trombotiche ed emorragiche, sostenute da una complessa interazione tra iperreattività piastrinica e alterazioni qualitative del sistema del fattore di von Willebrand (VWF), in particolare in presenza di trombocitosi severa. L’acido acetilsalicilico a basso dosaggio (ASA) rappresenta un cardine della tromboprofilassi nelle MPN; tuttavia il suo effetto è riportato come eterogeneo in questi pazienti e il suo impiego richiede un’attenta valutazione del bilancio rischio beneficio. L’obiettivo di questo studio è stato valutare i parametri correlati al VWF e il ruolo della funzione piastrinica, analizzata mediante differenti metodiche laboratoristiche sia in assenza che durante la terapia con ASA, al fine di ottenere una caratterizzazione più completa dell’assetto emostatico di questi pazienti. Materiali e metodi: Sono stati inclusi 29 pazienti con MPN (23 ET, 6 PV; 10 uomini, 19 donne; età mediana alla diagnosi 43 anni ed età mediana al momento del prelievo 56 anni) con una conta piastrinica ≥500×10⁹/L. Sono stati valutati i parametri del VWF, comprendenti antigene e attività funzionale (VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CBA). La funzione piastrinica è stata valutata mediante aggregometria ad impedenza (MEA; Multiplate) e aggregometria a luce trasmessa (LTA; CN3000). LTA è stata eseguita utilizzando ADP, collagene, acido arachidonico, ristocetina e adrenalina, mentre per il MEA sono stati utilizzati TRAP, ADP e ASPI come induttori. Entrambe le metodiche sono state eseguite sia in assenza che durante la terapia con ASA. I risultati delle aggregazioni sono stati confrontati con una popolazione di controllo: 120 soggetti (60 testati con MEA, 60 con LTA, tutti ASA-naïve) e 38 controlli, di cui 19 in terapia con ASA e 19 ASA-naïve, appaiati per sesso, età e conta piastrinica. Risultati: L’attività funzionale del VWF e il rapporto VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag risultavano significativamente ridotti in presenza di PLTs > 1000×10⁹/L (p<0.001). L’analisi di Spearman ha mostrato correlazioni inverse significative tra conta piastrinica e parametri del VWF (p<0.001). Nelle MPN si è osservata un’aumentata aggregazione piastrinica basale rispetto ai controlli, valutata sia con MEA (ADP p<0.001; TRAP p=0.011; ASPI p<0.001) sia con LTA (ADP p=0.016; collagene p=0.001; ristocetina p<0.001). Durante la terapia con ASA, nelle MPN è stata osservata una maggiore aggregazione piastrinica residua rispetto ai controlli, valutata mediante MEA-ASPI (59 vs 13, p<0.001). Per confrontare l’effetto dell’ASA tra i gruppi, è stato calcolato per ciascun agonista un rapporto ASA/non-ASA nei pazienti MPN e nelle coppie di controlli. Il ratio ASA/non-ASA risultava più elevato nei pazienti con MPN rispetto ai controlli per MEA-ASPI (0,5 vs 0,2, p=0.011), mentre non sono state osservate differenze rilevanti utilizzando gli altri agonisti. Conclusioni: I meccanismi alla base del rischio trombotico ed emorragico nelle MPN sono complessi. Nel nostro studio, abbiamo confermato che l’alterazione funzionale del VWF nelle MPN risulta più evidente in presenza di trombocitosi severa, mostrando una correlazione inversa con la conta piastrinica. Parallelamente, abbiamo osservato un’aumentata aggregazione piastrinica delle MPN rispetto ai controlli sia in assenza che durante la terapia con ASA. Il test MEA-ASPI ha inoltre rilevato un effetto meno marcato dell’ASA e una maggiore reattività piastrinica residua nelle MPN. La valutazione integrata dei parametri del VWF e dei test di funzionalità piastrinica può contribuire a instaurare una terapia antiaggregante individualizzata nei pazienti con MPN, soprattutto in presenza di trombocitosi severa.
Studio delle alterazioni del fattore di von Willebrand e della funzionalità piastrinica nei pazienti affetti da neoplasie mieloproliferative
FORTINO, CECILIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background and Aims: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell associated with an increased risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, sustained by a complex interplay between platelet hyperreactivity and qualitative alterations of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) system, particularly in the presence of thrombocytosis. Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is widely used for thromboprophylaxis in MPN; however, its effect is reported to be heterogeneous in these patients, and its use requires careful assessment of the risk and benefit balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate VWF parameters and platelet function, assessed using different laboratory methods both before and during ASA therapy, in order to delineate the hemostatic profile of these patients. Methods: 29 MPN patients (23 ET, 6 PV; 10 males, 19 females; median age at diagnosis 43 years and median age at sampling 56 years) with a platelet count ≥500×10⁹/L were included. VWF antigen and functional activity (VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, VWF:CBA) were assessed. Platelet function was assessed using impedance aggregometry (MEA; Multiplate) and light transmission aggregometry (LTA; CN3000). LTA was performed with ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid, ristocetin, and adrenaline, whereas MEA used TRAP, ADP, and ASPI as inducers. Both platelet function assays were performed before and during ASA therapy. Aggregation results were compared with 120 controls (60 tested using MEA, 60 using LTA, all ASA-naïve), and 38 controls including 19 receiving ASA and 19 ASA-naïve, paired for sex, age, and platelet count. Results: VWF functional activity and VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag ratio were significantly reduced in the presence of PLTs >1000×10⁹/L (p<0.001). Spearman analysis confirmed a significant inverse correlation between platelet count and VWF parameters (p<0.001). MPN showed significantly increased baseline platelet aggregation compared with controls, as assessed by both MEA (ADP p<0.001; TRAP p=0.011; ASPI p<0.001) and LTA (ADP p=0.016; collagen p=0.001; ristocetin p<0.001). During ASA therapy, higher residual platelet aggregation was observed in MPN compared with controls when assessed by MEA-ASPI (59 vs 13, p<0.001). To compare the effect of ASA between groups, an ASA/non-ASA ratio was calculated for each agonist in MPN patients and couples of controls. The ASA/non-ASA ratio was higher in MPN than in controls for MEA-ASPI (0.5 vs 0.2, p=0.011), while no relevant differences were observed using other agonists. Conclusions: The underlying mechanisms of thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk in MPN are complex. In our study, we confirmed that VWF functional impairment in MPN is more evident in the presence of severe thrombocytosis, showing an inverse correlation with platelet count. We observed increased platelet aggregation in MPN compared with controls both before and during ASA therapy. MEA-ASPI test detected a reduced effect of ASA and higher residual aggregation in MPN. An integrated assessment of VWF parameters and platelet function tests can contribute to individualized antiplatelet therapy in patients with MPN, especially in the presence of severe thrombocytosis.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/103858