The transition toward a circular carbon economy necessitates the optimization of Power-to-Gas (P2G) technologies, where biological methanogenesis serves as a cornerstone for converting surplus renewable hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide into sustainable biomethane. At the heart of this process is the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter, an archaeon that, while genetically equipped for an autonomous existence, predominantly thrives within complex, syntrophic microbial "dark webs." This thesis investigates the elusive dependencies between Methanothermobacter and its bacterial partners to uncover why these archaea struggle to maintain industrial-scale productivity in isolation. The experimental framework utilized a targeted antibiotic cocktail of neomycin and gentamicin to selectively suppress the bacterial population within a thermophilic consortium. Results indicated that while the aminoglycoside treatment successfully inhibited biomass growth, methane production was not completely abolished, revealing a resilient but impaired archaeal core. Crucially, the supplementation of "exhausted" (spent) medium from previous cultures was found to support and partially restore methanogenesis even under rigorous antibiotic stress. Metabolite profiling of this exhausted medium revealed a significant "legacy effect," characterized by higher accumulations of the amino acids alanine and isoleucine compared to fresh medium, alongside the presence of propionic and butyric volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous vitamins demonstrated a pronounced stimulatory effect, significantly enhancing both biomass development and methane yields. These findings suggest that the bacterial "support network" provides a multifaceted suite of growth factors—ranging from essential vitamins to specific amino acid precursors—that function as metabolic shortcuts, reducing the energetic burden on the methanogens. From a sustainability perspective, this research highlights that optimizing biomethane production requires moving beyond a single-organism focus. By deciphering these "invisible" metabolic bridges, we can engineer more resilient and efficient microbial consortia, ultimately enhancing the stability and output of biogas facilities to meet global renewable energy demands.
La transizione verso un’economia circolare del carbonio richiede l’ottimizzazione delle tecnologie Power-to-Gas (P2G), nelle quali la metanogenesi biologica rappresenta un elemento chiave per la conversione dell’idrogeno rinnovabile in eccesso e della CO₂ catturata in biometano sostenibile. Al centro di questo processo si trova il metanogeno idrogenotrofo Methanothermobacter, un archea geneticamente dotato delle vie metaboliche necessarie per una crescita autonoma, ma che in natura e nei bioreattori industriali prospera prevalentemente all’interno di consorzi microbici complessi e sintrofici. Questa tesi indaga le dipendenze metaboliche tra Methanothermobacter e i suoi partner batterici, al fine di comprendere perché tali archea mostrino prestazioni inferiori quando coltivati in isolamento su scala industriale. L’approccio sperimentale ha previsto l’impiego di un cocktail antibiotico mirato a base di neomicina e gentamicina per sopprimere selettivamente la popolazione batterica in un consorzio termofilo metanogenico. I risultati hanno mostrato che, sebbene il trattamento con aminoglicosidi abbia significativamente inibito la crescita della biomassa, la produzione di metano non è stata completamente abolita, evidenziando la presenza di un nucleo archeale resiliente ma funzionalmente compromesso. In modo cruciale, la supplementazione con mezzo esausto (spent medium) proveniente da colture precedenti ha dimostrato la capacità di sostenere e parzialmente ripristinare la metanogenesi anche in condizioni di forte stress antibiotico. L’analisi metabolica del mezzo esausto ha rivelato un marcato “effetto memoria”, caratterizzato da un accumulo significativo degli amminoacidi alanina e isoleucina rispetto al mezzo fresco, nonché dalla presenza di acidi grassi volatili (VFA) quali acido propionico e acido butirrico. Inoltre, l’aggiunta di vitamine esogene ha mostrato un effetto stimolante significativo, incrementando sia lo sviluppo della biomassa sia le rese in metano. Nel complesso, i risultati suggeriscono che la rete di supporto batterica fornisca un insieme articolato di fattori di crescita — dalle vitamine essenziali a specifici precursori amminoacidici — che agiscono come scorciatoie metaboliche, riducendo il carico energetico sui metanogeni. In un’ottica di sostenibilità, questo studio evidenzia come l’ottimizzazione della produzione di biometano richieda un superamento dell’approccio focalizzato sul singolo microrganismo. La comprensione di queste interazioni metaboliche “invisibili” consente di progettare consorzi microbici più resilienti ed efficienti, migliorando stabilità e produttività degli impianti di biogas in risposta alle crescenti esigenze energetiche globali.
Exploring The Dark Web of Microbial Interactions in Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis For Sustainable Bioenergy
AL MOKDAD, HADI
2025/2026
Abstract
The transition toward a circular carbon economy necessitates the optimization of Power-to-Gas (P2G) technologies, where biological methanogenesis serves as a cornerstone for converting surplus renewable hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide into sustainable biomethane. At the heart of this process is the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter, an archaeon that, while genetically equipped for an autonomous existence, predominantly thrives within complex, syntrophic microbial "dark webs." This thesis investigates the elusive dependencies between Methanothermobacter and its bacterial partners to uncover why these archaea struggle to maintain industrial-scale productivity in isolation. The experimental framework utilized a targeted antibiotic cocktail of neomycin and gentamicin to selectively suppress the bacterial population within a thermophilic consortium. Results indicated that while the aminoglycoside treatment successfully inhibited biomass growth, methane production was not completely abolished, revealing a resilient but impaired archaeal core. Crucially, the supplementation of "exhausted" (spent) medium from previous cultures was found to support and partially restore methanogenesis even under rigorous antibiotic stress. Metabolite profiling of this exhausted medium revealed a significant "legacy effect," characterized by higher accumulations of the amino acids alanine and isoleucine compared to fresh medium, alongside the presence of propionic and butyric volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous vitamins demonstrated a pronounced stimulatory effect, significantly enhancing both biomass development and methane yields. These findings suggest that the bacterial "support network" provides a multifaceted suite of growth factors—ranging from essential vitamins to specific amino acid precursors—that function as metabolic shortcuts, reducing the energetic burden on the methanogens. From a sustainability perspective, this research highlights that optimizing biomethane production requires moving beyond a single-organism focus. By deciphering these "invisible" metabolic bridges, we can engineer more resilient and efficient microbial consortia, ultimately enhancing the stability and output of biogas facilities to meet global renewable energy demands.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104229