The construction sector plays a central role in development, yet it generates significant environmental impacts, particularly in the residential sector. Buildings are responsible for a substantial share of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and material resource use in Europe. Decarbonization policies have significantly reduced operational impacts, shifting the focus toward the construction phase; therefore, the current challenge lies in reducing impacts across the entire life cycle while maintaining quality standards, competitive costs, and responsible material sourcing. This shift has led to the concept of the life-cycle near-zero-energy building. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the most widely recognized methodology for objectively evaluating such impacts. Beyond measurement, LCA is increasingly regarded as a tool for innovation and communication, including within cultural contexts. The thesis examines regulatory frameworks, multi-criteria assessment systems, and the application of LCA to buildings. In its second part, the methodology is applied to a real case study, analyzing preliminary modeling phases and the main methodological challenges encountered. Finally, the study discusses the limitations and potential of LCA as a strategic lever for innovation, collaboration, and a driver for cultural change.
Il settore delle costruzioni ha un ruolo centrale nello sviluppo, ma genera forti impatti ambientali, soprattutto nel comparto residenziale. Gli edifici sono responsabili di una quota rilevante dei consumi energetici, delle emissioni di gas serra e dell’uso di risorse materiali in Europa. Le politiche di decarbonizzazione hanno ridotto gli impatti operativi, spostando l’attenzione sulla fase di costruzione, dunque la sfida attuale è ridurre gli impatti lungo l’intero ciclo di vita mantenendo qualità, costi competitivi e approvvigionamento responsabile. Questo porta al concetto di edificio near-zero-energy basato sul ciclo di vita. La Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) è la metodologia più riconosciuta per valutare in modo oggettivo tali impatti. Oltre alla misurazione, la metodologia LCA è vista come strumento di innovazione e comunicazione, anche in ambito culturale. La tesi analizza quadri normativi, sistemi di valutazione multicriterio e l’applicazione LCA agli edifici. Nella seconda parte la metodologia viene applicata a un caso studio reale, analizzando le fasi preliminari di modellazione e le principali criticità metodologiche. Infine, verranno riportate limite e potenzialità del metodo come leva strategica per innovazione, collaborazione e cambiamento culturale.
Life Cycle Assessment applied to Zero Energy Buildings: A strategic driver for eco-design, innovation, and sustainability communication
BORTOLI, BEATRICE
2025/2026
Abstract
The construction sector plays a central role in development, yet it generates significant environmental impacts, particularly in the residential sector. Buildings are responsible for a substantial share of energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and material resource use in Europe. Decarbonization policies have significantly reduced operational impacts, shifting the focus toward the construction phase; therefore, the current challenge lies in reducing impacts across the entire life cycle while maintaining quality standards, competitive costs, and responsible material sourcing. This shift has led to the concept of the life-cycle near-zero-energy building. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the most widely recognized methodology for objectively evaluating such impacts. Beyond measurement, LCA is increasingly regarded as a tool for innovation and communication, including within cultural contexts. The thesis examines regulatory frameworks, multi-criteria assessment systems, and the application of LCA to buildings. In its second part, the methodology is applied to a real case study, analyzing preliminary modeling phases and the main methodological challenges encountered. Finally, the study discusses the limitations and potential of LCA as a strategic lever for innovation, collaboration, and a driver for cultural change.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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BortoliBeatrice_thesis.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104250