Peripheral nerve injuries represent a major clinical challenge due to the limited capability of nerve tissue to repair itself. Consequently, the development of multifunctional nanostructured scaffolds has emerged as a key strategy in tissue engineering, providing a platform to guide and stimulate nerve regeneration. More specifically, in the context of electrically responsive tissues, the incorporation of conductive elements is essential to improve the scaffold functionality. This thesis focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanofibrous composite mats based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) incorporating functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as conductive nanofiller, with potential applications in peripheral nerve regeneration. MWCNT were functionalized via the Tour reaction to introduce benzenesulfonate groups, enhancing their stability and dispersibility. The resulting derivative (MWCNT-S) was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Nanofibrous mats were fabricated through the electrospinning of aqueous PVA solutions incorporating MWCNT-S. The electrospinning parameters were optimized to obtain uniform, defect-free fibres, achieving a homogeneous nanotube distribution. To ensure the structural integrity of the fibres in water, citric acid was employed as a biocompatible crosslinking agent. The morphology and the distribution of the nanotubes within the fibres was assessed respectively through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrical properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while mechanical performance was investigated through tensile testing. Finally, the resulting materials underwent biological evaluation through in vitro cell assays and in vivo implantation in a rat model with induced peripheral nerve injury. Overall, this study demonstrates that PVA/MWCNT-S nanofibrous mats represent promising multifunctional scaffolds with tunable mechanical and electrical properties for peripheral nerve repair applications.
Le lesioni dei nervi periferici rappresentano una grande sfida clinica a causa della limitata capacità del tessuto nervoso di autoripararsi. Di conseguenza, lo sviluppo di scaffold nanostrutturati multifunzionali è emerso come una strategia chiave nell’ingegneria tissutale, offrendo una piattaforma in grado di guidare e stimolare la rigenerazione nervosa. Più specificamente, nel contesto dei tessuti elettricamente responsivi, l’integrazione di elementi conduttivi è essenziale per migliorare la funzionalità dello scaffold. Questa tesi si concentra sulla progettazione, sintesi e caratterizzazione di membrane nanofibrose composite a base di polivinil alcol (PVA) e nanotubi di carbonio a parete multipla (MWCNT) funzionalizzati come nanoriempitivo conduttivo, con potenziali applicazioni nella rigenerazione dei nervi periferici. I nanotubi di carbonio a parete multipla sono stati funzionalizzati mediante la reazione di Tour per introdurre gruppi benzensolfonato, migliorandone la stabilità e la dispersibilità. Il derivato ottenuto (MWCNT-S) è stato caratterizzato mediante analisi termogravimetrica (TGA), diffusione dinamica della luce (DLS) e misure del potenziale zeta. Le membrane nanofibrose sono state fabbricate tramite elettrofilatura (electrospinning) di soluzioni acquose di PVA contenenti MWCNT-S. I parametri di elettrofilatura sono stati ottimizzati per ottenere fibre uniformi e prive di difetti, garantendo una distribuzione omogenea dei nanotubi. Per assicurare l’integrità strutturale delle fibre in ambiente acquoso, è stato impiegato l’acido citrico come agente reticolante biocompatibile. La morfologia e la distribuzione dei nanotubi all’interno delle fibre sono state valutate rispettivamente mediante microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM) e microscopia elettronica a trasmissione (TEM). Le proprietà elettriche sono state analizzate tramite voltammetria ciclica (CV) e spettroscopia di impedenza elettrochimica (EIS), mentre le prestazioni meccaniche sono state investigate mediante prove di trazione. Infine, i materiali ottenuti sono stati sottoposti a valutazione biologica attraverso saggi cellulari in vitro e impianto in vivo in un modello murino di ratto con lesione indotta del nervo periferico. Nel complesso, questo studio dimostra che le membrane nanofibrose PVA/MWCNT-S rappresentano scaffold multifunzionali promettenti, con proprietà meccaniche ed elettriche modulabili, per applicazioni nella riparazione dei nervi periferici.
PVA/Carbon Nanotube Nanofibrous Mats: Synthesis, Characterization, and Property Tuning for Tissue Engineering
ALVERÀ, FRANCESCA
2025/2026
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries represent a major clinical challenge due to the limited capability of nerve tissue to repair itself. Consequently, the development of multifunctional nanostructured scaffolds has emerged as a key strategy in tissue engineering, providing a platform to guide and stimulate nerve regeneration. More specifically, in the context of electrically responsive tissues, the incorporation of conductive elements is essential to improve the scaffold functionality. This thesis focuses on the design, synthesis, and characterization of nanofibrous composite mats based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) incorporating functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) as conductive nanofiller, with potential applications in peripheral nerve regeneration. MWCNT were functionalized via the Tour reaction to introduce benzenesulfonate groups, enhancing their stability and dispersibility. The resulting derivative (MWCNT-S) was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Nanofibrous mats were fabricated through the electrospinning of aqueous PVA solutions incorporating MWCNT-S. The electrospinning parameters were optimized to obtain uniform, defect-free fibres, achieving a homogeneous nanotube distribution. To ensure the structural integrity of the fibres in water, citric acid was employed as a biocompatible crosslinking agent. The morphology and the distribution of the nanotubes within the fibres was assessed respectively through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrical properties were evaluated through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while mechanical performance was investigated through tensile testing. Finally, the resulting materials underwent biological evaluation through in vitro cell assays and in vivo implantation in a rat model with induced peripheral nerve injury. Overall, this study demonstrates that PVA/MWCNT-S nanofibrous mats represent promising multifunctional scaffolds with tunable mechanical and electrical properties for peripheral nerve repair applications.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104767