Ongoing climate change is influencing several extreme atmospheric processes, including convective storm dynamics and associated lightning activity, with potential consequences for forest ecosystems. Recent studies suggest a possible increase in lightning occurrence under global warming, highlighting the need to better understand lightning as a disturbance agent in high-elevation environments, which remain poorly investigated using dendrochronological approaches. This study investigates the effects of lightning strikes on subalpine stands of Larix decidua and Pinus cembra located near the alpine treeline in the Ampezzo Dolomites (Italy). Increment cores were collected both across lightning scars and from undamaged portions of tree stems, allowing precise dating of lightning events and assessment of tree growth responses. Tree-ring series were standardized and analysed using an event-based approach based on aligning growth trajectories to the year of lightning impact in order to quantify short- and long-term effects on radial growth. Growth–climate relationships were additionally examined by correlating radial growth with summer climatic variables and comparing lightning-affected trees with undisturbed reference chronologies. Results show a significant reduction in radial growth following lightning strikes, with effects persisting over multiple decades and recovery times varying among individuals. Despite these impacts, most affected trees survived, indicating that lightning primarily acts as a sub-lethal disturbance rather than a direct mortality driver. Growth–climate analyses demonstrate that lightning does not alter the dominant climatic control of tree growth, which remains mainly driven by summer temperatures, but modulates growth magnitude. This study improves the understanding of lightning as an ecological disturbance in subalpine forests and highlights the potential of dendrochronology for reconstructing lightning events and assessing their long-term ecological effects under ongoing climate change.
I cambiamenti climatici in atto stanno influenzando numerosi processi atmosferici estremi, tra cui l’attività elettrica associata ai temporali convettivi, con potenziali ripercussioni sugli ecosistemi forestali. Studi recenti suggeriscono un possibile incremento dell’attività di fulminazione in relazione al riscaldamento globale, indicando la necessità di comprendere meglio il ruolo dei fulmini come fattore di disturbo negli ambienti montani d’alta quota, ancora poco indagati attraverso approcci dendrocronologici. Il presente lavoro analizza gli effetti della fulminazione su popolamenti subalpini di Larix decidua e Pinus cembra localizzati in prossimità della treeline nelle Dolomiti d’Ampezzo (Italia). Mediante il prelievo di carote di accrescimento in corrispondenza delle cicatrici da fulmine e in porzioni sane del fusto è stato possibile datare gli eventi di fulminazione e valutare la risposta di crescita degli individui colpiti. Le serie dendrocronologiche sono state standardizzate e analizzate attraverso un approccio event-based basato sull’allineamento delle serie all’anno dell’impatto, al fine di quantificare gli effetti immediati e di lungo periodo sulla crescita radiale. Parallelamente, sono state investigate le relazioni tra accrescimento e variabili climatiche estive confrontando individui fulminati e cronologie di riferimento non disturbate. I risultati evidenziano una riduzione significativa della crescita radiale successiva agli eventi di fulminazione, con effetti persistenti su scale temporali pluridecennali e tempi di recupero variabili tra individui. Nonostante tale riduzione, la maggior parte degli alberi colpiti sopravvive all’evento, indicando che il fulmine agisce prevalentemente come disturbo sub-letale. Le analisi clima-accrescimento mostrano inoltre che la fulminazione non altera il controllo climatico dominante della crescita, che rimane principalmente legato alle temperature estive, ma ne modula l’intensità. Lo studio contribuisce a chiarire il ruolo dei fulmini come fattore di disturbo negli ecosistemi forestali subalpini e dimostra il potenziale dell’approccio dendrocronologico per ricostruire eventi di fulminazione e valutarne gli effetti ecologici in un contesto di cambiamento climatico.
Analisi dendrocronologica degli impatti da fulmine su conifere d'alta quota nelle Dolomiti d'Ampezzo
TURATO, GLORIA
2025/2026
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is influencing several extreme atmospheric processes, including convective storm dynamics and associated lightning activity, with potential consequences for forest ecosystems. Recent studies suggest a possible increase in lightning occurrence under global warming, highlighting the need to better understand lightning as a disturbance agent in high-elevation environments, which remain poorly investigated using dendrochronological approaches. This study investigates the effects of lightning strikes on subalpine stands of Larix decidua and Pinus cembra located near the alpine treeline in the Ampezzo Dolomites (Italy). Increment cores were collected both across lightning scars and from undamaged portions of tree stems, allowing precise dating of lightning events and assessment of tree growth responses. Tree-ring series were standardized and analysed using an event-based approach based on aligning growth trajectories to the year of lightning impact in order to quantify short- and long-term effects on radial growth. Growth–climate relationships were additionally examined by correlating radial growth with summer climatic variables and comparing lightning-affected trees with undisturbed reference chronologies. Results show a significant reduction in radial growth following lightning strikes, with effects persisting over multiple decades and recovery times varying among individuals. Despite these impacts, most affected trees survived, indicating that lightning primarily acts as a sub-lethal disturbance rather than a direct mortality driver. Growth–climate analyses demonstrate that lightning does not alter the dominant climatic control of tree growth, which remains mainly driven by summer temperatures, but modulates growth magnitude. This study improves the understanding of lightning as an ecological disturbance in subalpine forests and highlights the potential of dendrochronology for reconstructing lightning events and assessing their long-term ecological effects under ongoing climate change.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105240