The return and progressive expansion of the wolf (Canis lupus) in the Alps have renewed interest in the effects of natural predation on ungulate populations and in the implications for wildlife management. This work analyzes the population dynamics of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in southern Trentino, in relation to wolf presence and to the hunting management applied within different Ambiti Territoriali Omogenei (ATO; homogeneous territorial units). The analysis is based on official monitoring data provided by the Autonomous Province of Trento – Wildlife Service (the authority responsible for wildlife management and hunting regulation) and by the Associazione Cacciatori Trentini (the delegated management body for ungulate species). The dataset includes population censuses, historical harvest series (regulated hunting removals), and management indicators referring to the period 2007–2024. The results show marked differences in population dynamics among the species considered. Chamois populations appear generally stable or characterized by initial phases of growth followed by subsequent stabilization at medium–high levels, without evidence of structural declines. In contrast, roe deer exhibit a more irregular dynamic, with pronounced interannual variability and alternating phases of decline and recovery within an overall context of population decrease that began in the early years of the new millennium. Red deer confirm themselves as the species with the most evident growth, showing a marked expansion phase in both study districts, accompanied over time by a progressive increase in harvest intensity. Over the analyzed period, wolf presence represents a relevant ecological component of the system; however, the available data do not indicate a direct and determining effect on the numerical dynamics of ungulate populations. Hunting management therefore continues to play a central role in population regulation, particularly for red deer, while for chamois and roe deer the observed dynamics appear to result from the interaction between natural predation, environmental variability, and management decisions.
Il ritorno e la progressiva espansione del lupo (Canis lupus) sulle Alpi hanno rinnovato l’interesse sugli effetti della predazione naturale sulle popolazioni di ungulati e sulle implicazioni per la gestione faunistica. Il presente lavoro analizza la dinamica di popolazione di camoscio (Rupicapra rupicapra), capriolo (Capreolus capreolus) e cervo (Cervus elaphus) nel Trentino meridionale, in relazione alla presenza del lupo e alla gestione venatoria applicata nei diversi Ambiti Territoriali Omogenei (ATO). L’analisi si basa su dati di monitoraggio ufficiali forniti dalla Provincia Autonoma di Trento–Servizio Faunistico e dall’Associazione Cacciatori Trentini, comprendenti censimenti, serie storiche di abbattimenti e indicatori gestionali riferiti al periodo 2007–2024. I risultati mostrano come le dinamiche delle popolazioni analizzate differiscano in modo evidente tra le specie considerate. I dati relativi al camoscio documentano popolazioni complessivamente stabili, oppure interessate da fasi di crescita iniziali, seguite da successivi assestamenti su valori medio-alti, senza però evidenziare declini strutturali. Il capriolo, al contrario, presenta una dinamica più irregolare, con una marcata variabilità interannuale e un’alternanza di fasi di contrazione e recupero in un contesto generale di decremento della consistenza, iniziato nei primi anni del nuovo millennio. Per quanto riguarda il cervo, questo si conferma la specie caratterizzata dalla crescita più evidente, con una fase di espansione marcata in entrambi i distretti di studio, accompagnata, nel tempo, da un progressivo aumento dell’intensità di prelievo. Nel periodo analizzato, la presenza del lupo rappresenta un elemento ecologico rilevante del sistema, ma i dati disponibili non fanno emergere indicazioni di un effetto diretto e determinante sulle dinamiche numeriche delle popolazioni di ungulati. La gestione venatoria continua quindi a svolgere un ruolo centrale nella regolazione delle popolazioni, in particolare per il cervo, mentre per il camoscio e il capriolo le dinamiche osservate sembrano derivare dall’interazione tra predazione naturale, variabilità ambientale e scelte gestionali.
Dinamiche delle popolazioni di ungulati (camoscio, capriolo e cervo) e ritorno del lupo nel Trentino meridionale. Prime considerazioni ecologiche e gestionali sulle interazioni predatore-preda in un contesto di nuova colonizzazione del lupo
CERONE, MARCO
2025/2026
Abstract
The return and progressive expansion of the wolf (Canis lupus) in the Alps have renewed interest in the effects of natural predation on ungulate populations and in the implications for wildlife management. This work analyzes the population dynamics of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in southern Trentino, in relation to wolf presence and to the hunting management applied within different Ambiti Territoriali Omogenei (ATO; homogeneous territorial units). The analysis is based on official monitoring data provided by the Autonomous Province of Trento – Wildlife Service (the authority responsible for wildlife management and hunting regulation) and by the Associazione Cacciatori Trentini (the delegated management body for ungulate species). The dataset includes population censuses, historical harvest series (regulated hunting removals), and management indicators referring to the period 2007–2024. The results show marked differences in population dynamics among the species considered. Chamois populations appear generally stable or characterized by initial phases of growth followed by subsequent stabilization at medium–high levels, without evidence of structural declines. In contrast, roe deer exhibit a more irregular dynamic, with pronounced interannual variability and alternating phases of decline and recovery within an overall context of population decrease that began in the early years of the new millennium. Red deer confirm themselves as the species with the most evident growth, showing a marked expansion phase in both study districts, accompanied over time by a progressive increase in harvest intensity. Over the analyzed period, wolf presence represents a relevant ecological component of the system; however, the available data do not indicate a direct and determining effect on the numerical dynamics of ungulate populations. Hunting management therefore continues to play a central role in population regulation, particularly for red deer, while for chamois and roe deer the observed dynamics appear to result from the interaction between natural predation, environmental variability, and management decisions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105247