Current climate change is altering fire patterns worldwide, particularly increasing their intensity and frequency, with significant impact on forest stands. This highlights the need to analyze post-disturbance trajectories to understand forest ecosystem responses and develop adaptive forest management strategies. This study examined the dynamics of post-fire forest regeneration in black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) forests in the eastern Italian Alps. Three study sites were analyzed: one located in Veneto, in the municipality of La Valle Agordina, in the La Muda locality (BL), and the other two in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, in the municipalities of Resiutta (UD) and Chiusaforte (UD), in the Raccolana valley. The first two sites were studied 3 years after the fire, while the third site was studied 10 years post fire, to account for potential differences in spatial and temporal recovery processes. The stands are located between 400 and 1,800 meters a.s.l., with predominantly southern exposures. A total of 75 plots were sampled in areas burnt with high severity. Field surveys quantified natural regeneration by measuring individual height, recording species and regeneration origin (seedlings/shoots) within circular plots. Ground cover was estimated using percentage classes, plot centers were georeferenced using GPS, and topographic variables were derived from Digital Terrain Models (DTM) in QGIS. Linear and negative binomial regression models were fitted in R to analyze the interactions between regeneration attributes and environmental predictors. It is hypothesized that post-fire recovery dynamics are strongly influenced by topographic and ground cover characteristics through the creation of microsites favourable to regeneration establishment in alpine environments. Results confirm the key role of environmental variables on the success of post-fire forest regeneration, as well as the marked effect of temporal dynamics. It can be stated that there is a difference in growth between the gamic and agamic regeneration. At the Resiutta site, elevation was the most significant variable, with a negative effect on both mean and cumulative plot height, whereas dicotyledonous herbaceous cover and northern exposure showed a significant positive effect. When considering all three sites using a global model and a meta-analysis of site-specific coefficients, no predictor variable emerged as consistently significant. However, strong local heterogeneity was detected, indicating site-specific recovery dynamics. These findings emphasize that, in alpine contexts, local climatic and environmental conditions critically influence post-fire regeneration success in terms of growth and abundance, underscoring the need for site-adapted post-disturbance management strategies.
Il cambiamento climatico attuale sta modificando il regime degli incendi, in particolare ne aumenta l’intensità e la frequenza creando notevoli impatti sui popolamenti forestali. Questo evidenzia le necessità di analizzare le traiettorie post disturbo per comprendere le risposte degli ecosistemi forestali e per sviluppare delle strategie di gestione forestale adattativa. Nel presente studio sono state esaminate le dinamiche post-incendio della rinnovazione forestale nelle Alpi orientali italiane in pinete di pino nero (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold). Sono stati analizzati tre siti di studio, uno situato in Veneto nel comune di La Valle Agordina in località La Muda (BL) mentre gli altri due in Friuli-Venezia Giulia nei comuni di Resiutta (UD) e di Chiusaforte (UD), quest’ultimo in località Val Raccolana. I primi due siti sono stati studiati a 3 anni dall’evento mentre l’ultimo a 10 anni, ipotizzando una differenza del recupero spaziale e temporale. I popolamenti si trovano tra i 400 e i 1800 metri di quota con esposizioni prevalentemente meridionali. Il numero totale di aree campionate è di 75, tutte in zone ad elevata severità. Il rilievo in campo consisteva nella misurazione dell’altezza della rinnovazione forestale, indicando la specie e l’origine (gamica/agamica) dell’individuo all’interno di un’area di saggio circolare. È stata rilevata anche la copertura del suolo in classi percentuali, la posizione del centro dell’area con GPS e sono state ricavate le informazioni topografiche grazie ai modelli digitali del terreno (DTM) relativi ai siti di studio con QGIS. Per analizzare le interazioni tra le caratteristiche della rinnovazione e i predittori ambientali sono stati applicati dei modelli di regressione lineari e binomiali negativi in R. Si ipotizza che le dinamiche di ripristino della vegetazione siano fortemente influenzate dalle caratteristiche topografiche e di copertura del suolo in quanto possono creare dei micrositi favorevoli all’insediamento della rinnovazione naturale forestale nella regione alpina. I risultati confermano l’importanza delle variabili ambientali sul successo della rinnovazione forestale post-incendio oltre che l’effetto marcato della variabile temporale. È inoltre possibile affermare che esiste una differenza di sviluppo tra la componente di rinnovazione di origine gamica e quella agamica. Nel sito di Resiutta, la quota altimetrica è risultata la variabile più significativa con un effetto negativo sia sull’altezza media che sull’altezza cumulata mentre la copertura di erbacee dicotiledoni e l’esposizione settentrionale mostrano un effetto positivo significativo sulla crescita. Considerando i tre siti di studio con un modello globale separato è stata eseguita una meta-analisi dei coefficienti risultati dai modelli e nessuna variabile predittiva è risultata statisticamente significativa; tuttavia, emerge l’effetto importante dell’eterogeneità locale suggerendo una forte influenza sito-specifica delle dinamiche di recupero. Questi risultati sottolineano che, nei contesti alpini, le condizioni climatiche ed ambientali locali influenzano il successo della rinnovazione post-incendio in termini di accrescimento e numerosità, evidenziando la necessità di strategie di gestione post disturbo adattate al sito.
Analisi delle dinamiche naturali di recupero post-incendio del pino nero nelle Alpi orientali italiane
LONGO, MARGHERITA
2025/2026
Abstract
Current climate change is altering fire patterns worldwide, particularly increasing their intensity and frequency, with significant impact on forest stands. This highlights the need to analyze post-disturbance trajectories to understand forest ecosystem responses and develop adaptive forest management strategies. This study examined the dynamics of post-fire forest regeneration in black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold) forests in the eastern Italian Alps. Three study sites were analyzed: one located in Veneto, in the municipality of La Valle Agordina, in the La Muda locality (BL), and the other two in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, in the municipalities of Resiutta (UD) and Chiusaforte (UD), in the Raccolana valley. The first two sites were studied 3 years after the fire, while the third site was studied 10 years post fire, to account for potential differences in spatial and temporal recovery processes. The stands are located between 400 and 1,800 meters a.s.l., with predominantly southern exposures. A total of 75 plots were sampled in areas burnt with high severity. Field surveys quantified natural regeneration by measuring individual height, recording species and regeneration origin (seedlings/shoots) within circular plots. Ground cover was estimated using percentage classes, plot centers were georeferenced using GPS, and topographic variables were derived from Digital Terrain Models (DTM) in QGIS. Linear and negative binomial regression models were fitted in R to analyze the interactions between regeneration attributes and environmental predictors. It is hypothesized that post-fire recovery dynamics are strongly influenced by topographic and ground cover characteristics through the creation of microsites favourable to regeneration establishment in alpine environments. Results confirm the key role of environmental variables on the success of post-fire forest regeneration, as well as the marked effect of temporal dynamics. It can be stated that there is a difference in growth between the gamic and agamic regeneration. At the Resiutta site, elevation was the most significant variable, with a negative effect on both mean and cumulative plot height, whereas dicotyledonous herbaceous cover and northern exposure showed a significant positive effect. When considering all three sites using a global model and a meta-analysis of site-specific coefficients, no predictor variable emerged as consistently significant. However, strong local heterogeneity was detected, indicating site-specific recovery dynamics. These findings emphasize that, in alpine contexts, local climatic and environmental conditions critically influence post-fire regeneration success in terms of growth and abundance, underscoring the need for site-adapted post-disturbance management strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Longo_Margherita.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
4.68 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
4.68 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105254