Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous peptide ligand of the NOP receptor, a member of the opioid receptor family. The NOP receptor is coupled to inhibitory G proteins, whose activation leads to a reduction in intracellular cAMP levels. The N/OFQ–NOP system modulates several physiological processes, including pain perception, sleep–wake cycle, mood regulation, and motor function. A thorough understanding of the structure and activation mechanisms of the NOP receptor is essential for the development of new selective ligands. Recently, the active N/OFQ–NOP–G protein complex was resolved by cryo-electron microscopy, providing the first structural insights useful for docking studies of the receptor in its active conformation. In this thesis, the effects of the substitution of four amino acid residues of the NOP receptor were evaluated in order to gain deeper insight into the interaction of the agonists N/OFQ, Ro 65-6570, and MCOPPB with the receptor. Functional activity was assessed using a cAMP inhibition assay and a label-free approach based on bioimpedance. The results obtained with the wild-type receptor are consistent with those previously reported in the literature using other experimental approaches. In contrast, the mutants V126W, I127W, M134A, and E199A, whose expression was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, showed significant alterations in activation induced by the three agonists. Overall, this study provides both a methodological and interpretative contribution to the current understanding of NOP receptor activation mechanisms.
Nocicettina/Orfanina FQ (N/OFQ) è il peptide endogeno del recettore NOP, appartenente alla famiglia dei recettori oppioidi. Il NOP è accoppiato a proteine G inibitorie, la cui attivazione determina una riduzione dei livelli di cAMP intracellulare. Il sistema N/OFQ-NOP modula numerosi processi fisiologici come dolore, ritmo sonno-veglia, tono dell’umore e funzione motoria. Fondamentale per lo sviluppo di nuovi ligandi del NOP è la conoscenza approfondita della struttura e dell’attivazione del recettore. Di recente è stato ottenuto il complesso attivo N/OFQ-NOP-proteina G, mediante criomicroscopia, consentendo i primi risultati di docking del recettore in forma attiva. In questa tesi sono stati valutati gli effetti della sostituzione di quattro residui amminoacidici del NOP, per meglio comprendere l’interazione degli agonisti N/OFQ, Ro 65-6570, MCOPPB con NOP. Abbiamo utilizzato un saggio di inibizione dei livelli di cAMP e un approccio label-free basato su bioimpedenza. I risultati ottenuti sul recettore wild-type sono in linea con quelli ottenuti con altri metodi. I mutanti V126W, I127W, M134A, e E199A, la cui espressione è stata confermata con metodi di microscopia fluorescente, hanno invece mostrato variazioni nell’attivazione da parte dei tre agonisti. Questo studio si colloca come contributo sia metodologico che interpretativo alle attuali conoscenze sulle modalità di attivazione del NOP.
Valutazione funzionale degli effetti di mutazioni puntiformi sul recettore per il neuropeptide nocicettina/orfanina FQ
BENNARDINI, LINA AURORA
2025/2026
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) is the endogenous peptide ligand of the NOP receptor, a member of the opioid receptor family. The NOP receptor is coupled to inhibitory G proteins, whose activation leads to a reduction in intracellular cAMP levels. The N/OFQ–NOP system modulates several physiological processes, including pain perception, sleep–wake cycle, mood regulation, and motor function. A thorough understanding of the structure and activation mechanisms of the NOP receptor is essential for the development of new selective ligands. Recently, the active N/OFQ–NOP–G protein complex was resolved by cryo-electron microscopy, providing the first structural insights useful for docking studies of the receptor in its active conformation. In this thesis, the effects of the substitution of four amino acid residues of the NOP receptor were evaluated in order to gain deeper insight into the interaction of the agonists N/OFQ, Ro 65-6570, and MCOPPB with the receptor. Functional activity was assessed using a cAMP inhibition assay and a label-free approach based on bioimpedance. The results obtained with the wild-type receptor are consistent with those previously reported in the literature using other experimental approaches. In contrast, the mutants V126W, I127W, M134A, and E199A, whose expression was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, showed significant alterations in activation induced by the three agonists. Overall, this study provides both a methodological and interpretative contribution to the current understanding of NOP receptor activation mechanisms.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105402