Food fraud, since ancient times, can be considered one of the most established and inherent criminal activities in social life. Already from the first commercial exchanges, the first cases of adulteration and counterfeiting crimes were reported, with the prerogative of the person transferring the possession of the good to the final recipient whether a consumer or a subsequent costumer, seeking to gain the maximum economic advantage. Regardless of the party involved, public or private, the phenomenon of food fraud has shared a common goal up to the present day: to undermine public safety and consumer trust, with serious economic and social consequences. The various implications of a system that guarantees fair compensation and a culture of food safety contrasts with the mere public and private interest in carrying out a conscientious and honest commercial activity, failing to ensure an economic order and potential health risks due to false or deceitful information. The basis of the transfer of goods is to be found in the concept of "trust," whether generated by consumer loyalty or an intrinsic form of self-protection towards the preservation and safeguarding of health. The fishing products category has been considered since ancient times not only as a valuable food source for its nutritional characteristics but also as a means to satisfy the high demand for import and export trade. The global market, high-profit margins, perishability of goods, and the rise in consumption oriented towards light and protein segments have inevitably increased the propensity of the processing industry and fisheries towards dishonest behaviors aimed at deceiving the consumer through commercial frauds that sometimes pose a threat to public health. In this macro-microeconomic and social context, the fishing of sea urchins and the related market that has developed over the centuries is defined, also through the commercialization practices of this echinoderm that has been a cause of numerous global changes. What once was a marginal activity with limited collection volumes confined to certain areas and specific periods of the year must now face constant demand for consumption and omnichannel requests, both from the large-scale retail trade (GDO) and from the HO.RE.CA. sector. The same consumption patterns have generated new methods and opportunities for use, which have inevitably altered the expansion of demand, opening up broad debates on topics such as environmental sustainability and the sustainability of the resource itself. It should be remembered that the responsibility for the collection, storage, processing, and subsequent commercialization of the food, as well as its safety, lies with the FBO (Food Business Operator). The competent local health authorities, together with other control bodies (Carabinieri NAS, Carabinieri RTA, Port Authority Command, Guardia di Finanza Command), in the exercise of their functions, can carry out control roles to protect public health and prevent fraud, despite the peculiarities of the fishing supply chain, which faces technical and logistical limits for the implementation of comprehensive controls.
Negli ultimi anni si è accresciuto l’interesse per la risorsa anche a livello internazionale e, in particolare, la maggiore richiesta arriva dal Giappone, in cui le Uova di Riccio vengono utilizzate per decorare alcune pietanze a base di Sushi. Per far fronte alle richieste del mercato, è aumentata notevolmente la pressione di pesca, anche nelle acque del Mediterraneo, sebbene la normativa imponga delle misure di tutela e pesca del prodotto su base stagionale. In alcune aree costiere si sta assistendo al progressivo depauperamento della risorsa. I sistemi di allevamento artificiale e le pratiche di ripopolamento delle acque sembrano essere l’unica soluzione per evitarne l’impoverimento. Nel triennio 2023-2025 , ci visto impegnati nell' attività conoscitiva atta a verificare requisiti cogenti in materia di “Etichettatura e componenti nel prodotto Polpa di ricci di mare ) contestualmente all’attività di campionamento per esami analitici con ricerca identificazione di specie e altre componenti . Nel settore della ristorazione, la complessità e la frammentazione di tale settore ostacolano l’implementazione di controlli efficaci (Pulina, 2014) ed il rispetto della Normativa vigente in termini di tracciabilità dei prodotti della pesca (Reg. CE 1379/2013). Allo stesso modo, è stato enfatizzato il ruolo del settore della ristorazione nella promozione del consumo della “polpa di Riccio” (Furesi, Madau, Palomba e Pulina, 2014) largamente utilizzata come elemento caratterizzante per alcuni piatti molto conosciuti e caratterizzati da un notevole valore aggiunto rispetto a quelli preparati con gli ingredienti base (Furesi, Madau, Palomba & Pulina, 2014). Gli elevati margini di profitto garantiti da questi piatti controbilanciano il rischio di incorrere in diverse ipotesi di reato, tra cui la frode in commercio e la vendita di sostanze alimentari non genuine come genuine, come ad esempio la sostituzione fraudolenta delle gonadi di Riccio di mare con altre sostanze dal colore simile I Servizi Veterinari delle ASL territorialmente competenti, non possono garantire, attualmente, data la vastità e la frammentarietà del mercato, controlli igienico-sanitari efficaci e capillari lungo tutta la filiera. Il problema della manipolazione illegale della preziosa risorsa potrebbe essere, almeno in parte, risolto attraverso una politica di ampio spettro, che tenga conto del contesto generale
LA FRODE NEL RICCIO DI MARE:RILIEVI E ACCERTAMENTI DI UNA PROBLEMATICA POCO INVESTIGATA
MURESU IBBA, GIOVANNI MARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Food fraud, since ancient times, can be considered one of the most established and inherent criminal activities in social life. Already from the first commercial exchanges, the first cases of adulteration and counterfeiting crimes were reported, with the prerogative of the person transferring the possession of the good to the final recipient whether a consumer or a subsequent costumer, seeking to gain the maximum economic advantage. Regardless of the party involved, public or private, the phenomenon of food fraud has shared a common goal up to the present day: to undermine public safety and consumer trust, with serious economic and social consequences. The various implications of a system that guarantees fair compensation and a culture of food safety contrasts with the mere public and private interest in carrying out a conscientious and honest commercial activity, failing to ensure an economic order and potential health risks due to false or deceitful information. The basis of the transfer of goods is to be found in the concept of "trust," whether generated by consumer loyalty or an intrinsic form of self-protection towards the preservation and safeguarding of health. The fishing products category has been considered since ancient times not only as a valuable food source for its nutritional characteristics but also as a means to satisfy the high demand for import and export trade. The global market, high-profit margins, perishability of goods, and the rise in consumption oriented towards light and protein segments have inevitably increased the propensity of the processing industry and fisheries towards dishonest behaviors aimed at deceiving the consumer through commercial frauds that sometimes pose a threat to public health. In this macro-microeconomic and social context, the fishing of sea urchins and the related market that has developed over the centuries is defined, also through the commercialization practices of this echinoderm that has been a cause of numerous global changes. What once was a marginal activity with limited collection volumes confined to certain areas and specific periods of the year must now face constant demand for consumption and omnichannel requests, both from the large-scale retail trade (GDO) and from the HO.RE.CA. sector. The same consumption patterns have generated new methods and opportunities for use, which have inevitably altered the expansion of demand, opening up broad debates on topics such as environmental sustainability and the sustainability of the resource itself. It should be remembered that the responsibility for the collection, storage, processing, and subsequent commercialization of the food, as well as its safety, lies with the FBO (Food Business Operator). The competent local health authorities, together with other control bodies (Carabinieri NAS, Carabinieri RTA, Port Authority Command, Guardia di Finanza Command), in the exercise of their functions, can carry out control roles to protect public health and prevent fraud, despite the peculiarities of the fishing supply chain, which faces technical and logistical limits for the implementation of comprehensive controls.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/105952