Gallium nitride (GaN) bidirectional switches (BDS) represent a significant advancement in power electronics, creating new design possibilities due to improvements in active area, on-resistance and switching frequency compared to the traditional back-to-back solution composed of unidirectional switches. The introduction of the GaN-Based Monolithic BDS (M-BDS) to the market can be revolutionary for many applications, as direct AC/AC conversion, solar inverters, e-vehicle on board chargers (OBCs) and motor drives, driving the process to a more efficient energy management. Given the novelty of this technology, the standardization of reliability tests and the overall understanding of the device behavior still lags behind that of its unidirectional counterpart. This thesis aims at analyzing the GIT based M-BDS reliability when subjected to OFF-state stress, and at identifying process variations that can improve the robustness of the device under this stress condition. Different epitaxy processes have been considered, with variations in aluminum percentage and AlGaN barrier thickness. The devices have been first characterized with static DC-stress in High Temperature Reverse Bias (HTRB) conditions, to then move to Voltage-ramp measurements to address the lateral robustness of different processes. A dedicated V-ramp test routine allowed to extract the leakages across the five terminals, gaining new information on the impact of the hole injection from the high-side gate terminal on the device behavior. Moreover, the devices have been monitored under OFF-state stress while biasing the high side gate terminal, actively controlling the amount of hole injection during OFF-state, and showing its impact on the device reliability. The experimental findings and the proposed model have been consolidated by means of Sentaurus TCAD simulations, showing the relationship between the hole accumulation process with a consequent increase of the electric field peak at the low-side gate p-GaN edge.
Gli interruttori bidirezionali (BDS) in nitruro di gallio (GaN) rappresentano un significativo avanzamento nell’elettronica di potenza, aprendo nuove possibilità progettuali grazie ai miglioramenti in termini di area attiva, resistenza di conduzione (on-resistance) e frequenza di commutazione rispetto alla tradizionale soluzione back-to-back composta da interruttori unidirezionali. L’introduzione sul mercato del BDS monolitico a base GaN (M-BDS) può essere rivoluzionaria per molte applicazioni, quali la conversione diretta AC/AC, gli inverter fotovoltaici, i caricabatterie di bordo (OBC) per veicoli elettrici e gli azionamenti per motori, promuovendo una gestione dell’energia più efficiente . Data la novità di questa tecnologia, la standardizzazione dei test di affidabilità e la comprensione complessiva del comportamento del dispositivo non hanno ancora raggiunto il livello di maturità della controparte unidirezionale. Questa tesi mira ad analizzare l’affidabilità dell’M-BDS basato su GIT quando sottoposto a stress in stato OFF e ad identificare variazioni di processo in grado di migliorare la robustezza del dispositivo in tale condizione. Sono stati considerati diversi processi di epitassia, con variazioni nella percentuale di alluminio e nello spessore della barriera AlGaN. I dispositivi sono stati inizialmente caratterizzati mediante stress DC statico in condizioni di High Temperature Reverse Bias (HTRB), per poi passare a misure con rampa di tensione (Voltage-ramp) al fine di valutare la robustezza laterale dei diversi processi. Una routine di test V-ramp dedicata ha permesso di estrarre le correnti di leakage sui cinque terminali, ottenendo nuove informazioni sull’impatto dell’iniezione di lacune (hole injection) dal terminale di gate high-side sul comportamento del dispositivo. Inoltre, i dispositivi sono stati monitorati sotto stress in stato OFF polarizzando il terminale di gate high-side, controllando attivamente l’entità dell’iniezione di lacune durante lo stato OFF e mostrando il suo impatto sull’affidabilità del dispositivo. I risultati sperimentali e il modello proposto sono stati consolidati mediante simulazioni Sentaurus TCAD, evidenziando la relazione tra il processo di accumulo di lacune e il conseguente incremento del picco di campo elettrico al bordo del p-GaN del gate low-side.
Characterization of High Voltage GaN-Based Monolithic Bidirectional Switches under different OFF-state Regimes
FARDIN, RICCARDO
2025/2026
Abstract
Gallium nitride (GaN) bidirectional switches (BDS) represent a significant advancement in power electronics, creating new design possibilities due to improvements in active area, on-resistance and switching frequency compared to the traditional back-to-back solution composed of unidirectional switches. The introduction of the GaN-Based Monolithic BDS (M-BDS) to the market can be revolutionary for many applications, as direct AC/AC conversion, solar inverters, e-vehicle on board chargers (OBCs) and motor drives, driving the process to a more efficient energy management. Given the novelty of this technology, the standardization of reliability tests and the overall understanding of the device behavior still lags behind that of its unidirectional counterpart. This thesis aims at analyzing the GIT based M-BDS reliability when subjected to OFF-state stress, and at identifying process variations that can improve the robustness of the device under this stress condition. Different epitaxy processes have been considered, with variations in aluminum percentage and AlGaN barrier thickness. The devices have been first characterized with static DC-stress in High Temperature Reverse Bias (HTRB) conditions, to then move to Voltage-ramp measurements to address the lateral robustness of different processes. A dedicated V-ramp test routine allowed to extract the leakages across the five terminals, gaining new information on the impact of the hole injection from the high-side gate terminal on the device behavior. Moreover, the devices have been monitored under OFF-state stress while biasing the high side gate terminal, actively controlling the amount of hole injection during OFF-state, and showing its impact on the device reliability. The experimental findings and the proposed model have been consolidated by means of Sentaurus TCAD simulations, showing the relationship between the hole accumulation process with a consequent increase of the electric field peak at the low-side gate p-GaN edge.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106031