The study of the statistical properties of the objects constituting our Universe is an extremely costly task in terms of time and resources. An alternative approach is adopted in this thesis. In particular, a one-dimensional model is considered that offers a simplified dynamics compared to the real case, but at the same time presents numerous complications due to the peculiarity of gravity in this scenario. The main problems are represented by the lack of a rigorous definition of what a halo by means of an analytical model (somewhat like what is done with spherical collapse, which in this case cannot be applied due to the absence of such symmetry) and by the current ignorance regarding the existence of a virial relation in one dimension. This also prevents the definition of a mass function that would allow us to derive the statistics of these objects, particularly through the bias formalism. In this thesis, initial conditions are therefore evolved numerically using an exact treatment of the equations of motion in the one-dimensional case, and through several ad-hoc halo finder methods, we searched for collapsed structures which their respective statistical moments are inferred in order to verify the existence of bias relations analogous to those of the three-dimensional case. Indeed, the aim of this work is to use a toy model that allows us working with fewer resources, acting as a testing ground to identify traces of the existence of non-Gaussianities. The latter requires us the calculation of statistical moments of order higher than the power spectrum, an operation that is essentially unfeasible when simulating a Universe in three dimensions. In this work however we focus on proving the existence of clustering in one dimension and the presence of a bias relation compatible with what is observed in a real cosmological Universe, thus establishing a basis for future works on the topic.
Lo studio delle proprietà statistiche degli oggetti che costituiscono il nostro Universo è un compito estremamente oneroso in termini di tempo e risorse. In questa tesi si adotta un approccio alternativo. In particolare, si considera un modello unidimensionale che offre una dinamica semplificata rispetto al caso reale, ma che al contempo presenta numerose complicazioni dovute alla peculiarità della gravità in questo scenario. I problemi principali sono rappresentati dall'assenza di una definizione rigorosa di alone tramite un modello analitico (in modo simile a quanto fatto con il collasso sferico, che in questo caso non può essere applicato a causa della mancanza di tale simmetria) e dall'ignoranza attuale riguardo all'esistenza di una relazione viriale in una dimensione. Ciò impedisce anche la definizione di una funzione di massa che ci permetterebbe di derivare le statistiche di questi oggetti, in particolare attraverso il formalismo del bias. In questa tesi, quindi, le condizioni iniziali vengono fatte evolvere numericamente utilizzando un trattamento esatto delle equazioni del moto nel caso unidimensionale e, attraverso diversi metodi di halo finder ad hoc, si sono ricercate strutture collassate di cui sono stati dedotti i rispettivi momenti statistici, al fine di verificare l'esistenza di relazioni di bias analoghe a quelle del caso tridimensionale. In effetti, lo scopo di questo lavoro è utilizzare un modello giocattolo che ci consenta di lavorare con minori risorse, fungendo da banco di prova per identificare tracce dell'esistenza di non-gaussianità. Quest'ultima richiede il calcolo di momenti statistici di ordine superiore allo spettro di potenza, un'operazione sostanzialmente impraticabile quando si simula un Universo in tre dimensioni. In questo lavoro, tuttavia, ci concentriamo sul dimostrare l'esistenza del clustering in una dimensione e la presenza di una relazione di bias compatibile con quanto osservato in un universo cosmologico reale, gettando così le basi per lavori futuri sull'argomento.
Halo clustering in cosmological 1D+1 simulations
AMENDOLAGINE, GIOVANNI
2025/2026
Abstract
The study of the statistical properties of the objects constituting our Universe is an extremely costly task in terms of time and resources. An alternative approach is adopted in this thesis. In particular, a one-dimensional model is considered that offers a simplified dynamics compared to the real case, but at the same time presents numerous complications due to the peculiarity of gravity in this scenario. The main problems are represented by the lack of a rigorous definition of what a halo by means of an analytical model (somewhat like what is done with spherical collapse, which in this case cannot be applied due to the absence of such symmetry) and by the current ignorance regarding the existence of a virial relation in one dimension. This also prevents the definition of a mass function that would allow us to derive the statistics of these objects, particularly through the bias formalism. In this thesis, initial conditions are therefore evolved numerically using an exact treatment of the equations of motion in the one-dimensional case, and through several ad-hoc halo finder methods, we searched for collapsed structures which their respective statistical moments are inferred in order to verify the existence of bias relations analogous to those of the three-dimensional case. Indeed, the aim of this work is to use a toy model that allows us working with fewer resources, acting as a testing ground to identify traces of the existence of non-Gaussianities. The latter requires us the calculation of statistical moments of order higher than the power spectrum, an operation that is essentially unfeasible when simulating a Universe in three dimensions. In this work however we focus on proving the existence of clustering in one dimension and the presence of a bias relation compatible with what is observed in a real cosmological Universe, thus establishing a basis for future works on the topic.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106209