This work presents the design of a fully integrated RF FEM in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for Wi-Fi 7 applications. The primary emphasis is on the RX path for the 5-7 GHz band. Motivated by the requirements for wide bandwidth, low latency and robust performance in dense deployment of the new Wi-Fi 7 standard, the work targets low noise figure, high and flat gain and low power operation. A new FEM architecture is proposed that removes the conventional antenna-side SPDT switch and instead integrates a resonant switch and a bypass in front of the LNA, reducing RX insertion loss and improving noise performance. After RX block integration in the FEM, the FEM supports three operation modes: RX mode - weak-signal, Bypass mode - strong-signal and TX mode - transmission. The LNA design employs cascode SiGe HBT with emitter degeneration, broadband transformer-based output matching, and shunt-shunt feedback to achieve a flat gain response for the targeted band, while maintaining unconditional stability. Additional attention is paid to make the output matching transformer and feedback co-operate to improve input matching. RX/TX isolation is achieved by using a resonant switch on the RX side and an SPST switch on the TX side. The resonant switch leverages the input matching inductor as part of a switchable high-impedance network, avoiding additional series loss in RX mode. Finally, an innovative compact on-chip spiral directional coupler is developed to enable future power detection and digital predistortion support. It meets low coupling requirements within exceptionally small silicon area. Post-layout EM simulations demonstrate RX gain exceeding 16 dB with flat behaviour across the 5-7 GHz band and receive noise figure close to 2.0 dB at 1.8 V supply, with low current consumption in both RX mode and Bypass mode. System-level FEM simulations confirm the benefits of the proposed architecture while highlighting trade-offs, notably increased transmit-path loss due to the resonant isolation approach.
Questo lavoro presenta la progettazione di un RF FEM completamente integrato in tecnologia SiGe BiCMOS a 130 nm per applicazioni Wi-Fi 7. L’attenzione principale è rivolta al percorso RX per la banda 5–7 GHz. Sulla base dei requisiti di ampia larghezza di banda, bassa latenza e prestazioni robuste in scenari di dispiegamenti densi del nuovo standard Wi-Fi 7, il lavoro punta a ottenere una bassa figura di rumore, un guadagno elevato e piatto e un funzionamento a basso consumo. Viene proposta una nuova architettura di FEM che rimuove il tradizionale switch SPDT sul lato antenna e integra invece uno switch risonante e un bypass davanti al LNA, riducendo la perdita d’inserzione in RX e migliorando le prestazioni di rumore. Dopo l’integrazione del blocco RX nel FEM, il FEM supporta tre modalità operative: RX mode — segnale debole, Bypass mode — segnale forte e TX mode — trasmissione. Il progetto del LNA impiega HBT SiGe in configurazione cascode con degenerazione di emettitore, adattamento d’uscita a larga banda basato su trasformatore e retroazione shunt–shunt per ottenere una risposta in guadagno piatta nella banda di interesse, mantenendo al contempo stabilità incondizionata. Ulteriore attenzione è dedicata a far cooperare il trasformatore di adattamento in uscita e la retroazione per migliorare l’adattamento in ingresso. L’isolamento RX/TX è ottenuto mediante uno switch risonante sul lato RX e uno switch SPST sul lato TX. Lo switch risonante sfrutta l’induttore di adattamento in ingresso come parte di una rete ad alta impedenza commutabile, evitando ulteriori perdite in serie in RX mode. Infine, viene sviluppato un innovativo accoppiatore direzionale a spirale compatto on-chip per abilitare in futuro il rilevamento di potenza e il supporto alla predistorsione digitale. Esso soddisfa requisiti di basso accoppiamento entro un’area di silicio eccezionalmente ridotta. Simulazioni EM post-layout dimostrano un guadagno in RX superiore a 16 dB con comportamento piatto sull’intera banda 5–7 GHz e una figura di rumore in ricezione prossima a 2,0 dB con alimentazione a 1,8 V, con basso consumo di corrente sia in RX mode sia in Bypass mode. Simulazioni di sistema del FEM confermano i benefici dell’architettura proposta, evidenziando al contempo compromessi, in particolare l’aumento delle perdite sul percorso di trasmissione dovuto all’approccio di isolamento risonante.
Design of a power efficient WiFi7 Front-End RFIC in SiGe BiCMOS technology
RIMAS, DOVYDAS
2025/2026
Abstract
This work presents the design of a fully integrated RF FEM in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology for Wi-Fi 7 applications. The primary emphasis is on the RX path for the 5-7 GHz band. Motivated by the requirements for wide bandwidth, low latency and robust performance in dense deployment of the new Wi-Fi 7 standard, the work targets low noise figure, high and flat gain and low power operation. A new FEM architecture is proposed that removes the conventional antenna-side SPDT switch and instead integrates a resonant switch and a bypass in front of the LNA, reducing RX insertion loss and improving noise performance. After RX block integration in the FEM, the FEM supports three operation modes: RX mode - weak-signal, Bypass mode - strong-signal and TX mode - transmission. The LNA design employs cascode SiGe HBT with emitter degeneration, broadband transformer-based output matching, and shunt-shunt feedback to achieve a flat gain response for the targeted band, while maintaining unconditional stability. Additional attention is paid to make the output matching transformer and feedback co-operate to improve input matching. RX/TX isolation is achieved by using a resonant switch on the RX side and an SPST switch on the TX side. The resonant switch leverages the input matching inductor as part of a switchable high-impedance network, avoiding additional series loss in RX mode. Finally, an innovative compact on-chip spiral directional coupler is developed to enable future power detection and digital predistortion support. It meets low coupling requirements within exceptionally small silicon area. Post-layout EM simulations demonstrate RX gain exceeding 16 dB with flat behaviour across the 5-7 GHz band and receive noise figure close to 2.0 dB at 1.8 V supply, with low current consumption in both RX mode and Bypass mode. System-level FEM simulations confirm the benefits of the proposed architecture while highlighting trade-offs, notably increased transmit-path loss due to the resonant isolation approach.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Rimas_Dovydas.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/106815