This research reconstructs the evolution and transformation of the «domina ludi», the epilogue of a folkloric belief rooted in ancient times and different places. The investigation begins with the content of several early medieval canons and penitentials, which reveal the spread, in Central Europe, of mythological and legendary motifs linked to spectral apparitions, dark and noisy marches, and battles involving ambiguous benevolent or diabolical entities. Some of these traces are also found in the confessions of women and men who lived between the late 14th and mid-15th centuries, such as Sibillia Zanni, the two namesakes Pierina de' Bugatis, Gualtiero Pellegino, and Pasina de Pieriis, who reported under oath to Lombard inquisitors that they often attended "in spirit" nocturnal gatherings led by a female figure with many names and many appearances. «Domina ludi» is the name she takes in the trial documents analyzed in this work. These documents, compared with the major demonological treatises written between the 15th and 16th centuries, guided the entire development of this elusive figure. Until her decline, in the first three decades of the 16th century, when Northern Italy absorbed the ideology of the Nordic paradigm of witchcraft, imported by Heinrich Kramer during his travels throughout the peninsula and with the circulation of his "Malleus Maleficarum". The Nordic paradigm contributed to the disappearance of local mythologies, of which the «domina ludi» was the most relevant and persistent. Studies on the topic are enriched here with sources that are still unpublished or never explored in depth.
Questo lavoro di ricerca ricostruisce l’evoluzione e la trasformazione della «domina ludi», l’epilogo di una credenza folklorica che affonda le sue radici in tempi lontani e in luoghi diversi. L’indagine inizia dal contenuto di alcuni canoni e penitenziali altomedievali, che lasciano trapelare la diffusione, nell’Europa centrale, di motivi mitologici e leggendari legati ad apparizioni spettrali, marce di cortei cupi e rumorosi, combattimenti di ambigue entità benefiche o diaboliche. Alcune di queste tracce si trovano anche nelle confessioni di donne e uomini vissuti tra la fine del Trecento e gli anni centrali del Quattrocento, come Sibillia Zanni, le due omonime Pierina de’ Bugatis, Gualtiero Pellegino e Pasina de Pieriis, che riferiscono sotto giuramento agli inquisitori lombardi di recarsi, spesso «in spirito», ai raduni notturni guidati da una figura femminile dai molti nomi e dagli altrettanti aspetti. «Domina ludi» è il nome che essa assume nei documenti processuali analizzati nel presente lavoro, documenti che, confrontati con i principali trattati demonologici scritti tra XV e XVI secolo, hanno guidato l’intero sviluppo di questa sfuggente figura. Fino al suo tramonto, avvenuto nel primo trentennio del Cinquecento, quando il Nord Italia assorbì l’ideologia del paradigma nordico della stregoneria, importato da Heinrich Kramer durante i suoi viaggi nella Penisola e con la circolazione del "Malleus Maleficarum", e contribuì alla scomparsa delle mitologie locali, delle quali la «domina ludi» è stata la più rilevante e persistente. Gli studi sul tema si arricchiscono qui con fonti ancora inedite o mai approfondite.
Evoluzione e ricezione della «domina ludi» (XIV-XVI secolo)
GOBBATO, ALESSANDRA
2025/2026
Abstract
This research reconstructs the evolution and transformation of the «domina ludi», the epilogue of a folkloric belief rooted in ancient times and different places. The investigation begins with the content of several early medieval canons and penitentials, which reveal the spread, in Central Europe, of mythological and legendary motifs linked to spectral apparitions, dark and noisy marches, and battles involving ambiguous benevolent or diabolical entities. Some of these traces are also found in the confessions of women and men who lived between the late 14th and mid-15th centuries, such as Sibillia Zanni, the two namesakes Pierina de' Bugatis, Gualtiero Pellegino, and Pasina de Pieriis, who reported under oath to Lombard inquisitors that they often attended "in spirit" nocturnal gatherings led by a female figure with many names and many appearances. «Domina ludi» is the name she takes in the trial documents analyzed in this work. These documents, compared with the major demonological treatises written between the 15th and 16th centuries, guided the entire development of this elusive figure. Until her decline, in the first three decades of the 16th century, when Northern Italy absorbed the ideology of the Nordic paradigm of witchcraft, imported by Heinrich Kramer during his travels throughout the peninsula and with the circulation of his "Malleus Maleficarum". The Nordic paradigm contributed to the disappearance of local mythologies, of which the «domina ludi» was the most relevant and persistent. Studies on the topic are enriched here with sources that are still unpublished or never explored in depth.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107101