The thesis analyses the work of Fernando Pessoa in the light of the crisis of modern identity, focusing in particular on the phenomenon of heteronymy. Through a historical-critical and comparative approach, the study investigates the cultural, biographical, and poetic origins of heteronymy, situating Pessoa within the context of twentieth-century European literature and Portuguese Modernism. The first chapter reconstructs the process of the author’s posthumous mythologisation and examines the notion of the fiction of the self, starting from the figure of the poet as fingidor and the concept of drama em gente, understood as an inner dramatisation of fragmented identity. It also analyses the emergence of the heteronyms as an existential and poetic response to the multiplicity of modern experience. The second chapter focuses on the figure of Bernardo Soares, placing Pessoa’s crisis of the self in dialogue with that of other twentieth-century authors, particularly Italo Svevo and Luigi Pirandello, highlighting affinities and divergences in their representations of fragmented identity. The third chapter broadens the perspective by examining Pessoa’s relationship with mass society, journalism, advertising, and the urban space of Lisbon, showing how his reflection on identity extends beyond poetry and literary prose to encompass the languages of modernity. Taken as a whole, the thesis aims to demonstrate that Fernando Pessoa represents one of the most emblematic cases in twentieth-century literature.
La tesi analizza l’opera di Fernando Pessoa alla luce della crisi dell’identità moderna, concentrandosi in particolare sul fenomeno dell’eteronimia. Attraverso un approccio storico-critico e comparativo, il lavoro indaga le origini culturali, biografiche e poetiche dell’eteronimia, collocando Pessoa nel contesto del Novecento europeo e del modernismo portoghese. Il primo capitolo ricostruisce il processo di mitizzazione postuma dell’autore e approfondisce la nozione di finzione dell’io, a partire dalla figura del poeta fingitore e dal concetto di drama em gente, inteso come drammatizzazione interiore della frammentazione identitaria. Viene inoltre analizzata la nascita degli eteronimi come risposta esistenziale e poetica alla molteplicità dell’esperienza moderna. Il secondo capitolo si concentra sulla figura di Bernardo Soares, mettendo in dialogo la crisi dell’io pessoana con quella di altri autori novecenteschi, in particolare Italo Svevo e Luigi Pirandello, evidenziando affinità e divergenze nella rappresentazione dell’identità frantumata. Il terzo capitolo amplia la prospettiva, esaminando il rapporto di Pessoa con la società di massa, il giornalismo, la pubblicità e lo spazio urbano di Lisbona, mostrando come la riflessione sull’identità si estenda oltre la poesia e la prosa letteraria, investendo i linguaggi della modernità. Nel suo insieme, la tesi intende dimostrare come Fernando Pessoa rappresenti uno dei casi più emblematici della letteratura del Novecento.
Moltiplicarsi per esistere Fernando Pessoa e la crisi dell'io nel Novecento
MAZZA, SARA
2025/2026
Abstract
The thesis analyses the work of Fernando Pessoa in the light of the crisis of modern identity, focusing in particular on the phenomenon of heteronymy. Through a historical-critical and comparative approach, the study investigates the cultural, biographical, and poetic origins of heteronymy, situating Pessoa within the context of twentieth-century European literature and Portuguese Modernism. The first chapter reconstructs the process of the author’s posthumous mythologisation and examines the notion of the fiction of the self, starting from the figure of the poet as fingidor and the concept of drama em gente, understood as an inner dramatisation of fragmented identity. It also analyses the emergence of the heteronyms as an existential and poetic response to the multiplicity of modern experience. The second chapter focuses on the figure of Bernardo Soares, placing Pessoa’s crisis of the self in dialogue with that of other twentieth-century authors, particularly Italo Svevo and Luigi Pirandello, highlighting affinities and divergences in their representations of fragmented identity. The third chapter broadens the perspective by examining Pessoa’s relationship with mass society, journalism, advertising, and the urban space of Lisbon, showing how his reflection on identity extends beyond poetry and literary prose to encompass the languages of modernity. Taken as a whole, the thesis aims to demonstrate that Fernando Pessoa represents one of the most emblematic cases in twentieth-century literature.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107214