This thesis examines the prevention of ankle sprains in youth soccer. If not properly managed through a targeted rehabilitation and prevention program, these injuries can lead to both short-term and long-term consequences that may significantly impact athletes’ health and future careers. The thesis first analyzes the epidemiology and typical injury mechanisms of this sport, highlighting the specific biological vulnerabilities of the developmental age, such as Peak Height Velocity (PHV), and the substantial biomechanical differences between males and females. Subsequently, to explore exercise-based preventive intervention methods, a review of the scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2015 to 2026, and utilizing keywords such as: “ankle sprain prevention”, “soccer”, “youth athletes”, “injury prevention programs”, “neuromuscular training”, “proprioceptive training”, “multicomponent training”, “FIFA 11+”, and “injury risk factors”. The research demonstrates that multimodal neuromuscular programs, that are capable of synergistically combining eccentric strength, proprioception, core stability and landing technique training, guarantee a reduction in injury risk compared to training based on a single component. However, despite the high clinical validity of internationally recognized protocols, such as the “FIFA 11+”, practical application in soccer academies often reveals critical issues such as poor long-term adherence (compliance), the monotony of exercises, and the absence of situational challenges. All of this has made it necessary to find modern solutions that consider the young athlete holistically. To overcome these methodological and operational obstacles, a possible preventive training protocol called “Play & Protect” is proposed, available in two versions: “Kids (ages 6–11)” and “Young (12–17 years)” which aims to maximize the emotional engagement of young athletes, offering coaches a highly soccer-specific, eco-friendly, and truly sustainable protection tool for the entire duration of the sports season.
La seguente tesi affronta il tema della prevenzione delle distorsioni di caviglia nel calcio giovanile. Se non gestiti adeguatamente attraverso un mirato iter riabilitativo e preventivo, questi traumi possono portare a conseguenze nel breve termine e nel lungo termine, che possono incidere significativamente sulla salute e sulla futura carriera degli atleti. La tesi analizza in primo luogo l’epidemiologia e i meccanismi lesivi tipici di questo sport, evidenziando le specifiche vulnerabilità biologiche dell’età evolutiva, come il picco di massima velocità di crescita (Peak Height Velocity), e le sostanziali differenze biomeccaniche tra il genere maschile e quello femminile. Successivamente, per esplorare le metodologie di intervento preventivo basate sull’esercizio fisico, è stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura scientifica, condotta su PubMed, Scopus e Google Scholar, coprendo un arco temporale che va dal 2015 al 2026, e utilizzando parole chiave quali: “ankle sprain prevention”, “soccer”, “youth athletes”, “injury prevention programs”, “neuromuscular training”, “proprioceptive training”, “multicomponent training”, “FIFA 11+”, and “injury risk factors”. Dalla ricerca viene dimostrato come i programmi neuromuscolari multimodali, capaci di combinare sinergicamente forza eccentrica, propriocezione, core stability e educazione all’atterraggio, garantiscano una riduzione del rischio di infortunio nettamente superiore rispetto agli allenamenti basati su una singola componente. Tuttavia, nonostante l’alta validità clinica di protocolli affermati a livello internazionale, come il “FIFA 11+”, l’applicazione pratica nelle scuole calcio evidenzia spesso criticità come la scarsa aderenza a lungo termine (compliance), la monotonia degli esercizi e l’assenza di stimoli situazionali. Tutto ciò rende necessarie soluzioni moderne che considerino il giovane atleta nella sua totalità. Per superare questi ostacoli metodologici e operativi, si propone un possibile protocollo di allenamento preventivo denominato “Play & Protect”, declinato nelle due varianti “Kids (6-11 anni)” e “Young (12-17 anni)” che ha l’obiettivo di massimizzare il coinvolgimento emotivo dei giovani atleti, offrendo agli allenatori uno strumento di protezione altamente specifico per il calcio, ecologico e realmente sostenibile per l’intera durata della stagione sportiva.
Prevenzione delle distorsioni di caviglia nel calcio giovanile: confronto tra diversi protocolli di allenamento
CAPUTO, RICCARDO
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the prevention of ankle sprains in youth soccer. If not properly managed through a targeted rehabilitation and prevention program, these injuries can lead to both short-term and long-term consequences that may significantly impact athletes’ health and future careers. The thesis first analyzes the epidemiology and typical injury mechanisms of this sport, highlighting the specific biological vulnerabilities of the developmental age, such as Peak Height Velocity (PHV), and the substantial biomechanical differences between males and females. Subsequently, to explore exercise-based preventive intervention methods, a review of the scientific literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from 2015 to 2026, and utilizing keywords such as: “ankle sprain prevention”, “soccer”, “youth athletes”, “injury prevention programs”, “neuromuscular training”, “proprioceptive training”, “multicomponent training”, “FIFA 11+”, and “injury risk factors”. The research demonstrates that multimodal neuromuscular programs, that are capable of synergistically combining eccentric strength, proprioception, core stability and landing technique training, guarantee a reduction in injury risk compared to training based on a single component. However, despite the high clinical validity of internationally recognized protocols, such as the “FIFA 11+”, practical application in soccer academies often reveals critical issues such as poor long-term adherence (compliance), the monotony of exercises, and the absence of situational challenges. All of this has made it necessary to find modern solutions that consider the young athlete holistically. To overcome these methodological and operational obstacles, a possible preventive training protocol called “Play & Protect” is proposed, available in two versions: “Kids (ages 6–11)” and “Young (12–17 years)” which aims to maximize the emotional engagement of young athletes, offering coaches a highly soccer-specific, eco-friendly, and truly sustainable protection tool for the entire duration of the sports season.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107491