Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released by enteroendocrine L-cells in response to food intake, whose fundamental role is the maintenance of glycemic homeostasis thanks to its ability to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. In subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes, the incretin effect is severely compromised or totally absent. Although scientific literature offers several studies that describe and/or quantify the action of GLP-1 on insulin secretion, a mathematical model that describes its secretion by intestinal L-cells has not yet been developed. The objective of this thesis is the development of a mathematical model capable of describing the secretion of the hormone GLP-1, offering new parameters to characterize its incretin function both in healthy and diabetic subjects. In this thesis several models have been developed and tested, in which the over basal secretion of the hormone has been declined in different mathematical formulations. These models employ the intestinal glucose mass as a forcing function, estimated in the first part of the thesis using the Oral Glucose Absorption Model. The analyses, implemented in MATLAB, were conducted on a dataset of subjects characterized by different levels of glucose tolerance. Finally, the results were compared to evaluate the ability of the models to accurately describe the secretion of GLP-1 and to identify the most effective one.
Il Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) è un ormone incretinico rilasciato dalle cellule L enteroendocrine in risposta all'assunzione di cibo, il cui ruolo fondamentale è il mantenimento dell'omeostasi glicemica grazie alla sua capacità di stimolare la secrezione di insulina glucosio-dipendente. Nei soggetti che soffrono di diabete di tipo 2, l'effetto incretinico è severamente compromesso o totalmente assente. Nonostante la letteratura scientifica offra diversi studi che descrivono e/o quantificano l'azione del GLP-1 sulla secrezione insulinica, non è ancora stato sviluppato un modello matematico che ne descriva la secrezione da parte delle cellule L intestinali. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è sviluppare un modello matematico in grado di descrivere la secrezione dell’ormone GLP-1, offrendo nuovi parametri per caratterizzarne la funzione incretinica sia in soggetti sani che in quelli diabetici. A tal fine, sono stati sviluppati e testati diversi modelli in cui la secrezione dell’ormone sopra il livello basale è stata modellata tramite differenti formulazioni matematiche. Tali modelli impiegano la massa di glucosio intestinale come funzione forzante, stimata nella prima parte della tesi attraverso l'impiego del Modello di Assorbimento Orale del Glucosio. Le analisi, implementate in MATLAB, sono state condotte su un dataset di soggetti caratterizzati da diversi livelli di tolleranza al glucosio. Infine, i risultati sono stati confrontati per valutare la capacità dei modelli di descrivere accuratamente la secrezione del GLP-1 e identificare il più efficace.
Assessing the variability of Glucagon-like Peptide 1 secretion across the spectrum of glucose tolerance
MARZOCCHI, EMMA
2025/2026
Abstract
Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released by enteroendocrine L-cells in response to food intake, whose fundamental role is the maintenance of glycemic homeostasis thanks to its ability to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. In subjects suffering from type 2 diabetes, the incretin effect is severely compromised or totally absent. Although scientific literature offers several studies that describe and/or quantify the action of GLP-1 on insulin secretion, a mathematical model that describes its secretion by intestinal L-cells has not yet been developed. The objective of this thesis is the development of a mathematical model capable of describing the secretion of the hormone GLP-1, offering new parameters to characterize its incretin function both in healthy and diabetic subjects. In this thesis several models have been developed and tested, in which the over basal secretion of the hormone has been declined in different mathematical formulations. These models employ the intestinal glucose mass as a forcing function, estimated in the first part of the thesis using the Oral Glucose Absorption Model. The analyses, implemented in MATLAB, were conducted on a dataset of subjects characterized by different levels of glucose tolerance. Finally, the results were compared to evaluate the ability of the models to accurately describe the secretion of GLP-1 and to identify the most effective one.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/107660