The coronary circulation exhibits distinctive physiological features, arising from its tight interaction with the surrounding myocardium and from the need to ensure adequate myocardial oxygenation throughout the entire cardiac cycle. Within this framework, modeling coronary hemodynamics entails the description of heterogeneous and strongly coupled physical processes. Among these, the time-varying adaptation of vascular caliber to myocardial loading, resulting from the combined effects of myocardial-coronary interaction and local autoregulatory mechanisms, represents the primary focus of this study. In currently available lumped-parameter (0D) models of the coronary circulation, vascular caliber adaptation is typically described indirectly, mainly through the modulation of lumped parameters and the introduction of additional circuit elements. While effective, these approaches increase model complexity and reduce the transparency of the relationship between mechanical stimuli and vascular response. The approach proposed by Berti (2024) [1] demonstrated that a reformulation of the time-varying ventricular elastance, obtained by inverting its temporal profile, enables a simple and effective first-order description of the coronary vessel response to myocardial loading, particularly in terms of the evolution of vessel radius over the cardiac cycle. The present work builds upon this framework with the aim of improving the biomechanical understanding of the temporal evolution of coronary vessel caliber, by comparing the 0D approach with physically based models available in the literature that explicitly describe vascular wall mechanics as a function of structural properties and external loads. Among these, the model by Namani et al. (2018) [2] is adopted as a benchmark to further develop and refine the initial formulation proposed by Berti (2024) [1], and to ultimately implement it within a comprehensive 0D hemodynamic model already available within the research group. The results show an improved reproduction of the left coronary arterial flow waveform, thereby supporting the validity of the proposed methodology. Furthermore, they indicate that the introduced refinements allow the main biomechanical contributions to vascular response to be captured, albeit implicitly, thus providing an effective trade-off between model simplicity and physiological fidelity.
La circolazione coronarica presenta caratteristiche fisiologiche peculiari, legate alla sua stretta interazione con il miocardio circostante e alla necessità di garantire un’adeguata ossigenazione del cuore durante l’intero ciclo cardiaco. In questo contesto, la modellazione dell’emodinamica coronarica implica la descrizione di processi fisici eterogenei e fortemente accoppiati. Tra questi, l’adattamento tempo-variante del calibro vascolare alle sollecitazioni miocardiche, risultante dall’azione combinata dell’interazione miocardio-coronarica e dei meccanismi di autoregolazione locale, costituisce l’oggetto di studio principale di questo lavoro. Nei modelli lumped-parameter (0D) della circolazione coronarica attualmente presenti in letteratura, l’adattamento del calibro vascolare è generalmente descritto in modo indiretto, prevalentemente attraverso la modulazione di parametri concentrati (lumped) e l’introduzione di elementi circuitali aggiuntivi, che aumentano la complessità del modello e riducono la leggibilità del legame tra sollecitazione meccanica e risposta vascolare. La proposta di Berti (2024) [1] ha mostrato come una riformulazione dell’elastanza ventricolare tempo-variante, ottenuta ribaltandone l’andamento, consenta di descrivere in maniera semplice ed efficace, almeno in prima approssimazione, la risposta del vaso coronarico alla sollecitazione miocardica, in particolare l’evoluzione del raggio durante il ciclo cardiaco. Il presente lavoro si inserisce nel contesto sopra descritto con l’obiettivo di approfondire la comprensione dell’andamento temporale del calibro dei vasi coronarici dal punto di vista biomeccanico, confrontando l’approccio 0D con modelli fisicamente basati presenti in letteratura, che descrivono il comportamento meccanico della parete vascolare in relazione alle proprietà strutturali del vaso e alle sollecitazioni esterne. Tra questi, il modello fisico di Namani et al. (2018) [2] viene assunto come benchmark per sviluppare e raffinare la formulazione iniziale di Berti (2024) [1] e implementarla infine all’interno di un modello emodinamico 0D completo già disponibile presso il gruppo di lavoro. I risultati ottenuti mostrano un miglioramento nella riproduzione della forma d’onda del flusso coronarico arterioso sinistro e confermano quindi la validità della metodologia proposta. Essi evidenziano, inoltre, come gli aggiornamenti introdotti consentano di rappresentare, seppur in forma implicita, i principali contributi biomeccanici della risposta vascolare, configurandosi come un compromesso efficace tra semplicità modellistica e aderenza fisiologica.
Adattamento del calibro dei vasi coronarici alla sollecitazione miocardica: confronto tra modelli a parametri concentrati e modelli fisicamente basati.
MATTEAZZI, GAIA
2025/2026
Abstract
The coronary circulation exhibits distinctive physiological features, arising from its tight interaction with the surrounding myocardium and from the need to ensure adequate myocardial oxygenation throughout the entire cardiac cycle. Within this framework, modeling coronary hemodynamics entails the description of heterogeneous and strongly coupled physical processes. Among these, the time-varying adaptation of vascular caliber to myocardial loading, resulting from the combined effects of myocardial-coronary interaction and local autoregulatory mechanisms, represents the primary focus of this study. In currently available lumped-parameter (0D) models of the coronary circulation, vascular caliber adaptation is typically described indirectly, mainly through the modulation of lumped parameters and the introduction of additional circuit elements. While effective, these approaches increase model complexity and reduce the transparency of the relationship between mechanical stimuli and vascular response. The approach proposed by Berti (2024) [1] demonstrated that a reformulation of the time-varying ventricular elastance, obtained by inverting its temporal profile, enables a simple and effective first-order description of the coronary vessel response to myocardial loading, particularly in terms of the evolution of vessel radius over the cardiac cycle. The present work builds upon this framework with the aim of improving the biomechanical understanding of the temporal evolution of coronary vessel caliber, by comparing the 0D approach with physically based models available in the literature that explicitly describe vascular wall mechanics as a function of structural properties and external loads. Among these, the model by Namani et al. (2018) [2] is adopted as a benchmark to further develop and refine the initial formulation proposed by Berti (2024) [1], and to ultimately implement it within a comprehensive 0D hemodynamic model already available within the research group. The results show an improved reproduction of the left coronary arterial flow waveform, thereby supporting the validity of the proposed methodology. Furthermore, they indicate that the introduced refinements allow the main biomechanical contributions to vascular response to be captured, albeit implicitly, thus providing an effective trade-off between model simplicity and physiological fidelity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Matteazzi_Gaia.pdf
accesso aperto
Dimensione
6.66 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
6.66 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108017