Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC), located in the corneal limbus, play a crucial role in maintaining corneal epithelial integrity, preserving the corneal stroma, and preventing conjunctival growth onto the cornea. Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD) can arise from genetic, acquired or systemic conditions, leading to impaired LESC function. As a result, the cornea becomes inflamed, vascularized, and opaque. To restore a healthy corneal surface, various LESC transplantation therapies have been developed. The Simple Limbal Epithelial The Transplantation (SLET) approach has demonstrated success rates of 70–80%. SLET is a single-stage technique that promotes epithelial regeneration and LESC function recovery by expanding LESCs from limbal fragments on a human amniotic membrane (hAM). However, hAM is limited by its variability, instability, and poor mechanical properties. The objective of this Master's thesis is to optimize a bioengineered support matrix to overcome these limitations of hAM and enhance the clinical efficacy of corneal epithelial regeneration via the SLET procedure. For this purpose, silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid were selected as the components of the matrix due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Silk fibroin was extracted from B. mori silkworm cocoons and the biopolymers were functionalized with methacrylic groups to enable photocrosslinking of the precursor materials. Various hydrogel compositions were investigated, including silk fibroin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid hydrogels, and formulations combining both biopolymers in different ratios. The biomaterials were evaluated for transparency, chemical structure, swelling behavior, morphology, mechanical behavior and degradation profiles. The characterization studies were performed in collaboration between Biotech (University of Trento) and the University of Padova. The capability of biomaterials to support LESC expansion in vitro was tested in collaboration with the University of Verona and the Veneto Eye Bank Foundation. This was carried out in the framework of PRIN-2022 grant aimed at studying limbal epithelial stem cells and developing a bioengineered matrix to improve the efficacy of LSCD treatment.
Le cellule staminali epiteliali limbali (LESC), situate nel limbus corneale, svolgono un ruolo cruciale nel mantenere l'integrità dell'epitelio corneale, preservare lo stroma corneale e prevenire la crescita della congiuntiva sulla cornea. La Deficienza di Cellule Staminali Limbali (LSCD) può derivare da condizioni genetiche, acquisite o sistemiche, determinando una compromissione della funzione delle LESC. Come conseguenza, la cornea diventa infiammata, vascolarizzata e opaca. Per rigenerare una superficie corneale sana, sono state sviluppate diverse terapie di trapianto cellulare. L'approccio del Trapianto Epiteliale Limbale Semplice (SLET) ha dimostrato tassi di successo del 70–80%. SLET è una tecnica a singolo stadio che promuove la rigenerazione epiteliale e il recupero della funzione delle LESC espandendo le cellule da frammenti limbali su una membrana amniotica umana (hAM). Tuttavia, hAM presenta limitazioni legate alla sua variabilità, instabilità e scarse proprietà meccaniche. L'obiettivo di questa tesi magistrale è ottimizzare una matrice di supporto bioingegnerizzata per superare tali limitazioni e migliorare l'efficacia clinica della rigenerazione epiteliale corneale attraverso la procedura SLET. A tal fine, la fibroina di seta e l'acido ialuronico sono stati selezionati come componenti della matrice per la loro biocompatibilità e biodegradabilità. La fibroina di seta è stata estratta dai bozzoli del baco da seta B. mori e i biopolimeri sono stati funzionalizzati con gruppi metacrilici per consentire la fotoreticolazione dei materiali precursori. Sono state studiate diverse composizioni di idrogel, tra cui idrogel di fibroina, idrogel di acido ialuronico e formulazioni che combinano entrambi i biopolimeri in rapporti diversi. I biomateriali sono stati valutati per trasparenza, struttura chimica, comportamento di rigonfiamento, morfologia, comportamento meccanico e profili di degradazione. Gli studi di caratterizzazione sono stati condotti in collaborazione tra Biotech (Università di Trento) e l’Università di Padova. La capacità dei biomateriali di supportare l'espansione delle LESC in vitro è stata testata in collaborazione con l'Università di Verona e la Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto. Il lavoro si è svolto nell'ambito del finanziamento PRIN-2022 finalizzato allo studio delle cellule staminali epiteliali limbali e allo sviluppo di una matrice bioingegnerizzata per migliorare l'efficacia del trattamento della LSCD.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIOENGINEERED HYDROGEL MATRIX FOR CORNEAL REGENERATION
PERARO, ANNALISA
2025/2026
Abstract
Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC), located in the corneal limbus, play a crucial role in maintaining corneal epithelial integrity, preserving the corneal stroma, and preventing conjunctival growth onto the cornea. Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency (LSCD) can arise from genetic, acquired or systemic conditions, leading to impaired LESC function. As a result, the cornea becomes inflamed, vascularized, and opaque. To restore a healthy corneal surface, various LESC transplantation therapies have been developed. The Simple Limbal Epithelial The Transplantation (SLET) approach has demonstrated success rates of 70–80%. SLET is a single-stage technique that promotes epithelial regeneration and LESC function recovery by expanding LESCs from limbal fragments on a human amniotic membrane (hAM). However, hAM is limited by its variability, instability, and poor mechanical properties. The objective of this Master's thesis is to optimize a bioengineered support matrix to overcome these limitations of hAM and enhance the clinical efficacy of corneal epithelial regeneration via the SLET procedure. For this purpose, silk fibroin and hyaluronic acid were selected as the components of the matrix due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Silk fibroin was extracted from B. mori silkworm cocoons and the biopolymers were functionalized with methacrylic groups to enable photocrosslinking of the precursor materials. Various hydrogel compositions were investigated, including silk fibroin hydrogels, hyaluronic acid hydrogels, and formulations combining both biopolymers in different ratios. The biomaterials were evaluated for transparency, chemical structure, swelling behavior, morphology, mechanical behavior and degradation profiles. The characterization studies were performed in collaboration between Biotech (University of Trento) and the University of Padova. The capability of biomaterials to support LESC expansion in vitro was tested in collaboration with the University of Verona and the Veneto Eye Bank Foundation. This was carried out in the framework of PRIN-2022 grant aimed at studying limbal epithelial stem cells and developing a bioengineered matrix to improve the efficacy of LSCD treatment.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/108019