Comparative analysis of performance and life cycle environmental footprint of a reversible heat pump working with R32 and R290

This thesis compares the technical and environmental aspects of designing an HVAC system with the A2L synthetic refrigerant R32 and the natural refrigerant R290 (propane). To begin with, the study provides a comprehensive overview of the industry, contextualizing the technological, regulatory, and market dynamics that are currently driving the adoption of natural refrigerants. Building on this framework, the core of the research focuses on a case study developed in collaboration with the hosting company. This section details the operational parameters and addresses the critical safety challenges inherent in designing systems utilizing highly flammable (A3) refrigerants. Subsequently, the work evaluates the functional performance of both refrigerant versions, with a particular emphasis on Seasonal Coefficients of Performance (SCOP and SEER) calculations and standardized testing methodologies. To bridge the gap between efficiency and environmental impact, a Total Equivalent Warming Impact (TEWI) analysis is conducted. This is further complemented by a comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which quantifies the total environmental footprint by accounting for both embodied impacts and operational phases. Ultimately, the results are synthesized to highlight the benefits of adopting natural refrigerants.