The increase in demand for renewable energy to counter global greenhouse emission and global warming is leading the energy infrastructure to new challenges. One of the most important is the intermittency of such renewable energy sources. Stabilizing and storing this energy will be one of the major challenges of our century. One solution is electrochemical energy storage using redox flow batteries. In such systems the electroactive materials are not confined in the anode/cathode half-cell, but the electrolytes can flow outside of the battery and be stored in separate thanks thus decupling capacity and power output. First Redox flow batteries based on zinc-bromide have been theorized and tested at the end of the 19th century but it’s in 1980 that the discovery of all vanadium chemistry made redox flow batteries economically viable. In the last years publications on redox flow batteries have skyrocketed due to the advantages of such electrochemical energy storage systems. One of the most promising technologies in that field is the zinc-iodine chemistry thanks to the high availability of such elements and the easy recycling they can take part in. Actual problems are the dendrites formation at the anode side that leads to short circuit and self-discharge of the cell. In this thesis current situation and state of the art of such battery is studied and improved using Tartaric acid as an additive. Experimental redox flow batteries with different electrolyte compositions have been built and tested showing better performance in life cycle and energy efficiency compared to the pristine electrolyte.
L’aumento della domanda di energia rinnovabile per contrastare l’emissione di gas serra e il riscaldamento globale sta portando l’infrastruttura energetica a nuove sfide strutturali. Una delle più importanti è l’intermittenza di queste fonti energetiche. Stabilizzare e stoccare questa energia sarà una delle sfide più grandi del nostro secolo. Una soluzione è lo stoccaggio elettrochimico utilizzando le batterie a flusso redox. In questi sistemi i materiali elettro attivi non sono confinati all’interno della semi-cella anodica/catodica ma gli elettroliti possono fluire all’esterno della batteria ed essere stoccati in serbatoi separati, rendendo in questo modo indipendenti capacità e potenza. Le prime batterie a flusso redox furono teorizzate e realizzate alla fine del 19° secolo ma è solo nel 1980 con la scoperta della chimica al vanadio che le celle a flusso sono diventate economicamente sostenibili. Negli ultimi anni le pubblicazioni scientifiche riguardanti l’argomento sono aumentate grazie ai vantaggi di questo sistema elettrochimico di stoccaggio. Una delle tecnologie più promettenti è basata sulla chimica zinco-iodio grazie all’ ampia disponibilità di questi elementi e alla facilità con cui possono essere riciclati. I problemi attuali riguardano la formazione di dendriti all’anodo che portano a corto circuiti e a fenomeni di auto scarica. In questa tesi la situazione attuale e lo stato dell’arte di queste batterie sono stati approfonditi e migliorati grazie all’utilizzo di acido tartarico come additivo. Celle a flusso sperimentali con diverse composizioni di elettrolita sono state costruite e testate mostrando vita utile più lunga e efficienza energetica maggiore rispetto alla composizione iniziale.
High capacity zinc iodine redox flow batteries for eco-friendly electrochemical energy storage systems
DONA', ANGELO
2025/2026
Abstract
The increase in demand for renewable energy to counter global greenhouse emission and global warming is leading the energy infrastructure to new challenges. One of the most important is the intermittency of such renewable energy sources. Stabilizing and storing this energy will be one of the major challenges of our century. One solution is electrochemical energy storage using redox flow batteries. In such systems the electroactive materials are not confined in the anode/cathode half-cell, but the electrolytes can flow outside of the battery and be stored in separate thanks thus decupling capacity and power output. First Redox flow batteries based on zinc-bromide have been theorized and tested at the end of the 19th century but it’s in 1980 that the discovery of all vanadium chemistry made redox flow batteries economically viable. In the last years publications on redox flow batteries have skyrocketed due to the advantages of such electrochemical energy storage systems. One of the most promising technologies in that field is the zinc-iodine chemistry thanks to the high availability of such elements and the easy recycling they can take part in. Actual problems are the dendrites formation at the anode side that leads to short circuit and self-discharge of the cell. In this thesis current situation and state of the art of such battery is studied and improved using Tartaric acid as an additive. Experimental redox flow batteries with different electrolyte compositions have been built and tested showing better performance in life cycle and energy efficiency compared to the pristine electrolyte.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/109461